The present invention provides a method of forming N-hydroxysuccinimide ester-functionalized paracyclophane. The present method is carried out by adding 4-carboxyl-paracyclophane into N,N′-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) to form N-hydroxysuccinimide ester-functionalized paracyclophane. The present invention further provides a chemical film on a substrate and a method of forming the same, wherein the chemical film includes N-hydroxysuccinimide ester-functionalized poly-para-xylylene.

The present invention provides an anion exchange resin capable of producing an electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell, a binder for forming an electrode catalyst layer and a battery electrode catalyst layer. The anion exchange resin of the present invention has a hydrophobic unit, a hydrophilic unit and divalent fluorine-containing groups. The hydrophobic unit has divalent hydrophobic groups composed of one aromatic ring or a plurality of aromatic rings that are repeated via carbon-carbon bond. The hydrophilic unit has divalent hydrophilic groups composed of one aromatic ring or a plurality of aromatic rings, at least one of which has an anion exchange group, that are repeated via carbon-carbon bond. The divalent fluorine-containing groups have a specific structure and are bonded via carbon-carbon bond to the hydrophobic unit and/or the hydrophilic unit and/or a moiety other than these units.

The present invention addresses the problem of providing a fluorine-containing aromatic polymer; a method for producing the fluorine-containing aromatic polymer; etc. The problem can be solved by: a polymer having a monomer unit represented by formula (1) (wherein R.sup.1 in each occurrence is independently a halogen atom, NR.sup.11R.sup.12 (wherein R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 are independently a hydrogen atom or an organic group), or an organic group; n1 is an integer of 0 to 4; two R.sup.1s that can be present in the ortho-positions may form a ring together with two carbon atoms on the adjacent benzene ring, wherein the formed ring may have an organic group as a substituent; and L.sup.1 is a single bond, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, -L.sup.11-O—, —O-L.sup.12-O—, -L.sup.13-S—, or —S-L.sup.14-S— (wherein L.sup.11 to L.sup.14 are each independently an alkylene group optionally having one or more substituents); etc.

Described herein are anionic phenylene oligomers and polymers, and devices including these materials. The oligomers and polymers can be prepared in a convenient and well-controlled manner, and can be used in cation exchange 5 membranes. Also described is the controlled synthesis of anionic phenylene monomers and their use in synthesizing anionic oligomers and polymers, with precise control of the position and number of anionic groups.

Poly(aryl alkylene) polymers or poly(aryl-crown ether-alkylene) polymers with pendant cationic groups are provided which have an alkaline-stable cation, such as imidazolium, introduced into a rigid aromatic polymer backbone free of ether bonds. Hydroxide exchange membranes or hydroxide exchange ionomers formed from these polymers exhibit superior chemical stability, hydroxide conductivity, decreased water uptake, good solubility in selected solvents, and improved mechanical properties in an ambient dry state as compared to conventional hydroxide exchange membranes or ionomers. Hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells and hydroxide exchange membrane electrolyzers comprising the poly(aryl alkylene) polymers or poly(aryl-crown ether-alkylene) polymers with pendant cationic groups exhibit enhanced performance and durability at relatively high temperatures.

The present application relates to a polymer containing at least one structural unit of a formula (I). The polymer is suitable for use in an electronic device.

Gas separation membranes are provided and more particularly, a series of addition-type and ROMP type polynorbornenes with substituents derived from Mizoroki-Heck reactions are provided and have particular utility as gas separation membranes for natural gas upgrading.

The present invention addresses the problem of providing a fluorine-containing aromatic polymer; a method for producing the fluorine-containing aromatic polymer; etc. The problem can be solved by: a polymer having a monomer unit represented by formula (1) (wherein R.sup.1 in each occurrence is independently a halogen atom, NR.sup.11R.sup.12 (wherein R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 are independently a hydrogen atom or an organic group), or an organic group; n1 is an integer of 0 to 4; two R.sup.1s that can be present in the ortho-positions may form a ring together with two carbon atoms on the adjacent benzene ring, wherein the formed ring may have an organic group as a substituent; and L.sup.1 is a single bond, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, -L.sup.11-O—, —O-L.sup.12-O—, -L.sup.13-S—, or —S-L.sup.14-S— (wherein L.sup.11 to L.sup.14 are each independently an alkylene group optionally having one or more substituents); etc.

The present invention provides a. coating-type composition for forming an. organic film containing: a polymer having a structure shown by the following general formula (1) as a partial structure; and an organic solvent, where in the formula (1), ring structures Ar1 and Ar2 represent a benzene rive or a naphthalene ring optionally having a substituent, and W.sub.1 represents an aryl croup having 6 to 30 carbon atoms and optionally having a substituent. This provides a coating-type composition for forming an organic film that can. form an organic film having high pattern-curving resistance and high dry-etching resistance, the composition being excellent in solvent solubility and having a low generation of defects.

##STR00001##

A thermally stable and solvent resistant conductive polymer composite and its manufacturing friendly preparation method are disclosed. The disclosed composite presents great electrical conductivity with thermal stability and solvent resistance. A method of mixing a host conjugated polymer and a crosslinkable silane precursor simultaneously introduces both dopant and rigid cross-linked siloxane network into polymer system. The thin film made by the disclosed thermally stable and solvent resistant conductive polymer composite can be applied to fabricate various devices.