Macrocyclic polyalkene homopolymers and copolymers can be formed and converted to macrocyclic polyalkanes or macrocyclic poly(alkane-co-alkene) upon hydrogenation or, when the macrocyclic polyalkene is reacted with an alkene in the presence of an olefin metathesis catalyst, to a macrocyclic poly(alkane-co-alkene) comprising vicinal C(CR2)'s. Upon hydrogenation of a macrocyclic poly(alkane-co-alkene) comprising vicinal C(CR2)-'s, macrocyclic poly(alkane)s or poly(alkane-co-alkene)s with isolated C(CR2)- groups can be provided, depending on the degree of hydrogenation. The poly(alkane-co-alkene)s with isolated C(CR2)- units can be used to form poly(macrocyclic poly(alkane-co-alkene))s, poly(macrocyclic poly(alkane))s, and/or bi-, tri-, and/or multi-macrocyclic poly(alkane-co-alkene)s or bi-, tri-, and/or multi-macrocyclic poly(alkane)s.

1) Hydrocarbon-based copolymer comprising two end groups preceded by an ether function and chosen from a 2-oxo-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl (or cyclocarbonate), a dithiocyclocarbonate, and a 2-oxo-1,3-dioxolen-4-yl, the main chain of which comprises units (I) and (II)

##STR00001##

in which R.sup.0 is notably a methyl radical;

and the number-average molecular mass Mn of which is between 400 and 100 000 g/mol.

2) Process for preparing said copolymer, comprising: (i) a step of heating a statistical bipolymer A chosen from a poly(butadiene-isoprene), a poly(butadiene-myrcene) and a poly(butadiene-farnesene); and then (ii) a step of heating the product formed, in the presence of a chain-transfer agent.

3) Use as adhesive, as a mixture with an amine compound comprising at least two amine groups.

Provided is a resin material for forming an underlayer film which is used to form a resist underlayer film used in a multi-layer resist process, the resin material including a cyclic olefin polymer (I), in which a temperature at an intersection between a storage modulus (G) curve and a loss modulus (G) curve in a solid viscoelasticity of the resin material for forming an underlayer film which is as measured under conditions of a measurement temperature range of 30 C. to 300 C., a heating rate of 3 C./min, and a frequency of 1 Hz in a nitrogen atmosphere in a shear mode using a rheometer is higher than or equal to 40 C. and lower than or equal to 200.

The present disclosure provides processes to convert heavy hydrocarbons to light distillates. The present disclosure further provides compositions including light distillates. In an embodiment, a process for upgrading a hydrocarbon feed includes dehydrogenating a C.sub.3-C.sub.50 cyclic alkane and an C.sub.2-C.sub.50 acyclic alkane in the presence of a dehydrogenation catalyst to form a C.sub.3-C.sub.50 cyclic olefin and a C.sub.2-C.sub.50 acyclic olefin. The process includes reacting the C.sub.3-C.sub.50 cyclic olefin and the C.sub.2-C.sub.50 acyclic olefin in the presence of a group 6 or group 8 transition metal catalysts to form a C.sub.5-C.sub.200 olefin. The process further includes hydrogenating the C.sub.5-C.sub.200 olefin in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to form a C.sub.5-C.sub.200 hydrogenated product. Processes of the present disclosure may further include hydroisomerizing the C.sub.5-C.sub.200 hydrogenated product in the presence of a hydroisomerization catalyst to form a C.sub.5-C.sub.200 hydroisomerized product.

A method of carrying out a metathesis reaction includes the combination of at least one alkene or non conjugated diene with a Ruthenium-based catalyst with an cyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbene ligand to form a reaction mixture and heating the reaction mixture to a temperature of 100 C. or greater. The reaction can be an ADMET, ROMP, a metathesis ring-closure or an olefin exchange reaction.

Polymer of formula (1) bearing an alkoxysilane end group: ##STR00001## in which: is a double or single bond; each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 is H, a halo, an alkoxycarbonyl or an alkyl, m and p are each from 0 to 5, each of R and R is an alkyl, Z is an alkylene, optionally interrupted with COO, q is 0 or 1, r is 0, 1 or 2, and n is such that the number-average molar mass of the polymer (1) is from 400 to 50 000 g/mol, and the polydispersity index of the polymer (1) is from 1.0 to 2.0. Preparation by ring-opening metathesis polymerization. Use as an adhesion promoter or a reactive plasticizer.

A graphene nanoribbon has a chiral edge to which a dicarbimide structure is bonded. The dicarbimide structure is an electron-withdrawing group. The width and band gap of the graphene nanoribbon are controlled by a precursor molecule used for a polymerization reaction. Furthermore, n-type operation of the graphene nanoribbon is realized by the dicarbimide structure. In addition, with the graphene nanoribbon, an increase in ribbon length and suppression of a polymerization defect by the stabilization of a reaction intermediate of the precursor molecule, as well as improvement in orientation are realized by the dicarbimide structure.

Disclosed is a rubber composition for a tire tread comprising 1 to 30 parts by mass of a hydrogenated terpene-phenolic resin per 100 parts by mass of a diene rubber component containing 30 parts by mass or more of emulsion-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber having a glass transition temperature of 50 C. or lower. Disclosed is a pneumatic tire having a tread comprising the rubber composition.

Provided are polystyrene sulfonate analogs and methods of making polystyrene sulfonate analogs. The polystyrene sulfonate analogs may be formed by a ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The ROMP may provide analogs having a precise periodicity. The polystyrene sulfonate analogs may have a relatively low glass transition temperature.

This invention relates to methods and compositions for preparing linear and cyclic polyolefins. More particularly, the invention relates to methods and compositions for preparing functionalized linear and cyclic polyolefins via olefin metathesis reactions. Polymer products produced via the olefin metathesis reactions of the invention may be utilized for a wide range of materials applications. The invention has utility in the fields of polymer and materials chemistry and manufacture.