The present invention relates to a method for preparing a polyurethane synthetic leather having uniform fine pores therein, by coagulating a polyurethane mixture solution prepared by mixing an additive containing sucrose with a polyurethane resin composition, and then removing the additive in the coagulated polyurethane mixture solution. The present invention can not only form a smooth surface after a sanding process but also improve an air permeability and softness due to fine pores formed in the polyurethane synthetic leather.

In addition, the size and density of the fine pores can be optionally adjusted by adjusting the content of the additive, and the present invention can provide various types of synthetic leathers depending on the product use.

Multiple processes for preparing porous articles are described. The porous articles can be in a wide array of shapes and configurations. The methods include providing a soluble material in particulate form and forming a packed region from the material. The methods also include contacting a flowable polymeric material with the packed region such that the polymeric material is disposed in voids in the packed region. Also described are systems for performing the various processes.

Soft actuators are fabricated from materials that enable the actuators to be constructed with an open-celled architecture such as an interconnected network of pore elements. The movement of a soft actuator is controlled by manipulating the open-celled architecture, for example inflating/deflating select portions of the open-celled architecture using a substance such as compressed fluid.

Provided herein are materials and methods of reducing contamination in a biological substance or treating contamination in a subject by one or more toxins comprising contacting the biological substance with an effective amount of a sorbent capable of sorbing the toxin, wherein the sorbent comprises a plurality of pores ranging from 50 to 40,000 with a pore volume of 0.5 cc/g to 5.0 cc/g and a size of 0.05 mm to 2 cm and sorbing the toxin. Also provided are kits to reduce contamination by one or more toxins in a biological substance comprising a sorbent capable of sorbing a toxin, wherein the sorbent comprises a plurality of pores ranging from 50 to 40,000 with a pore volume of 0.5 cc/g to 5.0 cc/g and a size of 0.05 mm to 2 cm and a vessel to store said sorbent when not in use together with packaging for same.

A cellulose sponge cloth containing a net or grid as internal reinforcement is provided, with the sponge cloth further including a uniform distribution of fibers and/or durably softening polymers that are not water-leachable. The sponge cloth is produced by the viscose process by mixing with the fibers and/or the softening polymers and the pore former with cellulose xanthate and forming the resulting sponge cloth raw material into a thin layer. The grid or net is placed onto this layer, followed by a further layer of the sponge cloth raw material. Coagulation and regeneration baths and optional wash baths are used to dissolve the pore former out of the sponge cloth and regenerate the cellulose. The sponge cloth is bend-resistant, it does not break in the dry state. The sponge cloth is envisioned for cleaning and decontamination.

Multiple processes for preparing porous articles are described. The porous articles can be in a wide array of shapes and configurations. The methods include providing a soluble material in particulate form and forming a packed region from the material. The methods also include contacting a flowable polymeric material with the packed region such that the polymeric material is disposed in voids in the packed region. Also described are systems for performing the various processes.

An ion exchange resin includes a plurality of polymer resin particles which include a plurality of pores. The plurality of particles include an acid surface functionalization group and include a recycled thermoplastic polymer. A method for producing ion exchange resins includes dissolving a polymer and an emulsion stabilizer in a first solvent forming a dissolved polymer phase, mixing a removable matrix filler with the dissolved polymer phase to form a polymer mixture, forming an emulsion in a microfluidic device from the polymer mixture and a second solvent, precipitating a polymer composite which includes dispersed removable matrix fill in the microfluidic device, removing the dispersed removable matrix filler and forming precursor particles, and surface modifying the precursor particles, forming the ion exchange resin.

The invention relates to the manufacturing of porous polymer membranes by (a) providing pellets comprising a polymer matrix and particles in the ratio 90:10 to 10:90, (b) converting said pellets into a non-porous film by a solvent-free process; (c) removing said particles from said film with an aqueous composition to thereby obtain said membrane. The invention further relates to pellets useful in such manufacturing process as well as porous polymer membranes obtainable or obtained by such manufacturing process as well as textile materials and articles containing such membranes; to the use of such pellets, membranes, and articles.