According to one embodiment, a mixture includes a fluoropolymer monomer having at least one functional group amenable to polymerization, a pore-forming material, and a polymerization initiator. According to another embodiment, a product includes a porous three-dimensional structure comprising a crosslinked fluoropolymer, where at least 20% of a volume measured within an outer periphery of the porous three-dimensional structure corresponds to the pores.

A composite includes a filler comprising boron nitride nanosheets (BNN) and a resin. The resin includes a multifunctional oxirane epoxy phenol novolac resin (EP8370), a multifunctional acrylate dipenta erythritol hexaacrylate (DPHA), 2-(perfluorooctyl)ethyl acrylate (PFOEA), urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), and tetryhydrofuran (THF). Additional resins for use with the composite include bisphenol A glycidyl dimethacrylate (BisGMA), urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), and/or triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) in any combination thereof.

A polymer for organic ferroelectric materials and an organic ferroelectric materials are disclosed. The polymer is a (meth)acrylic polymer, wherein the polymer comprises one or more (meth)acrylates as main monomer units and one or more (meth)acrylic monomers other than the main monomer units, wherein the main monomer units are (meth)acrylate monomer units having in the side chain thereof a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon skeleton linked to the distal end of the oxycarbonyl group, wherein the hydrocarbon skeleton has a hydrogen atom on the β-carbon atom relative to the oxycarbonyl group, and one or more electron withdrawing groups selected from halogen atom, cyano group, oxo group, and nitro group, that bind to the β-carbon atom and/or to one or more carbon atoms distal thereto, substituting for hydrogen atoms thereon, wherein the proportion of the main monomer units is less than 80 mol % of the total (meth)acrylic monomer units.

To provide a method for producing pellets from which an ion exchange membrane excellent in stability of the electrolysis voltage can be formed, pellets, and an ion exchange membrane.

The method for producing pellets of the present invention is a method for producing pellets, which comprises extruding a melt containing a fluorinated polymer having groups convertible to ion exchange groups from a die of a melt-extruder to obtain a strand containing the fluorinated polymer, and cutting the strand to obtain pellets containing the fluorinated polymer, wherein the temperature of the die when the melt containing the fluorinated polymer is extruded from the die is less than 200° C., and when the groups convertible to ion exchange groups of the fluorinated polymer are converted to ion exchange groups, the ion exchange capacity of the resulting fluorinated polymer is at least 1.1 milliequivalent/g dry resin.

The present invention provides a hydrophilic substrate including a hydrophilic polymer layer having a smooth surface and formed of a special polymer (hydrophilic polymer). Included is a hydrophilic substrate including on its surface a hydrophilic polymer layer formed of a hydrophilic polymer having a number average molecular weight of 40,000 or more.

Methods for synthesizing a hydrogel are disclosed. The method includes the steps of: (a) dissolving effective amounts of a monomer, a crosslinker, and a photoinitiator in deionized water, wherein the overall concentration is about 200 mg/ml; (b) preparing a solution of a fluorinated acrylate or diacrylate in ethanol wherein the overall concentration is about 200 mg/ml; (c) separately stirring the solutions prepared in steps (a) and (b) for approximately three hours; (c) gradually introducing the solution from step (b) into the solution from step (a); (d) stirring the resulting solution from step (c) for about two hours; and (e) exposing the solution from step (d) to UV-A irradiation for about 15 minutes.

The present invention provides a composition comprising 1) an aqueous dispersion of polymer particles having a core-shell morphology wherein the core protuberates from the shell; wherein the core comprises from 5 to 90 weight percent structural units of a fluoroalkylated monomer, and 2) less than 0.09 weight percent structural units of a phosphorus acid monomer; and wherein the shell comprises from 0.1 to 5 weight percent of itaconic acid or a phosphorus acid monomer, based on the weight of the shell. The present invention addresses a need in the art by providing a way of selectively concentrating fluoroalkyl functionality into polymer particles with acorn morphology, thereby providing an improvement in dirt pick-up resistance of the subsequent coating.

The present invention provides: a surface treatment liquid which is capable of performing good hydrophilization or hydrophobization of the surface of an object to be treated even if the surface treatment liquid does not contain a coating film-forming resin; and a surface treatment method which uses this surface treatment liquid, A surface treatment liquid, comprising a resin (A) and a solvent (C), and wherein a resin having a functional group I that is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group and a functional group II that is a functional group other than the functional group I and having one or more groups selected from among hydrophilic groups and hydrophobic groups, and comprising a constituent unit (a1) having the functional group I, and one or more constituent units selected from the group consisting of a constituent unit (a2) having a cationic group in a side chain, and a constituent unit (a3) having an anionic group in a side chain, is used as the resin (A).

The invention concerns a method for producing a superhydrophobic membrane or surface coating of a substrate from an aqueous phase comprising the following steps: a) Preparing an aqueous dispersion by dispersing particles of hydrophobic polymer(s) in an aqueous solution of protic polymer(s), wherein the protic polymer(s) and the hydrophobic polymer(s) are present in a weight ratio of protic polymer(s):hydrophobic polymer(s) in a range of 5:95 to 22:78, b) electrospinning the dispersion of step a) onto a carrier for producing the membrane or onto the surface for producing the surface coating thereby producing at least one fiber and a nonwoven fabric from the fiber, c) subjecting the nonwoven fabric to a sol-gel process, wherein a precursor/precursors of the sol-gel comprise(s) an alkoxysilane, and d) curing the nonwoven fabric obtained by step c) at a temperature in a range of 50 C. to 150 C.

The present invention relates to a highly fluorinated nanostructured polymer foam as well as to its use as a super-repellent coating of substrates. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a composition and to a method for producing the highly fluorinated nanostructured polymer foam.