Provided are an acrylic elastomer superior in adhesiveness to a fluorine-based elastomer, an acrylic elastomer composition containing the same, its laminate, and its crosslinked product and a molded article therefrom. Iodine groups are introduced as crosslinking groups into an acrylic elastomer to an iodine content of 0.1 to 2 mass % with respect to the total mass of the elastomer. In addition, 1 to 7 parts by mass of an organic peroxide and 1 to 5 parts by mass of an onium salt were blended with 100 parts by mass of the acrylic elastomer, to give an acrylic elastomer composition. Further, an acrylic elastomer layer of the acrylic elastomer composition is laminated with a fluorine-based elastomer layer of a fluorine-based elastomer composition mainly containing of a fluorine-based elastomer having iodine groups as crosslinking groups, to give a laminate. The laminate is then crosslinked to give a crosslinked product and a molded article.

Methods for synthesizing a hydrogel are disclosed. The method includes the steps of: (a) dissolving effective amounts of a monomer, a crosslinker, and a photoinitiator in deionized water, wherein the overall concentration is about 200 mg/ml; (b) preparing a solution of a fluorinated acrylate or diacrylate in ethanol wherein the overall concentration is about 200 mg/ml; (c) separately stirring the solutions prepared in steps (a) and (b) for approximately three hours; (c) gradually introducing the solution from step (b) into the solution from step (a); (d) stirring the resulting solution from step (c) for about two hours; and (e) exposing the solution from step (d) to UV-A irradiation for about 15 minutes.

To provide a method for producing pellets from which an ion exchange membrane excellent in stability of the electrolysis voltage can be formed, pellets, and an ion exchange membrane. The method for producing pellets of the present invention is a method for producing pellets, which comprises extruding a melt containing a fluorinated polymer having groups convertible to ion exchange groups from a die of a melt-extruder to obtain a strand containing the fluorinated polymer, and cutting the strand to obtain pellets containing the fluorinated polymer, wherein the temperature of the die when the melt containing the fluorinated polymer is extruded from the die is less than 200 C., and when the groups convertible to ion exchange groups of the fluorinated polymer are converted to ion exchange groups, the ion exchange capacity of the resulting fluorinated polymer is at least 1.1 milliequivalent/g dry resin.

A pellet of a fluorinated polymer having groups convertible to ion exchange groups such that the fluorinated polymer has ion exchange capacity of at least 1.1 milliequivalent/g dry resin upon conversion of the convertible groups to ion exchange groups is provided. The pellet has a visible light transmittance of from 30 to 60% in a light wavelength range of 400 to 700 nm. An ion exchange membrane obtained by melt extrusion of the pellet is also provided.

A process is provided that results in an alkyl haloacrylate that is produced by reaction of a dialkyl or diaryl halomalonate with an aldehyde, preferably formalin or paraformaldehyde, and a base catalyst to produce an intermediate that is not isolated and is heated to produce the alkyl haloacrylate. This synthesis can be one pot, meaning it reacts in the same vessel and/or reaction mixture and does not require isolation of the intermediate, and provides an improved yield. In particular, a process is provided that results in an alkyl 2-fluoroacrylate.

An aspect of the present invention is to provide a fluorine-based polymer showing a significantly low dielectric constant of less than 1.8 and a fluorine-based polymer composition including the same. The fluorine-based polymer provided in an aspect of the present invention shows a very low dielectric constant, wherein the polymer is not only a pollution-reducing material generating no harmful substance, but may also be utilized as a coating material in various fields due to high adhesiveness. Furthermore, a polymer film employing the polymer as a material has a volume resistance of about 5.810.sup.15 Ohmcm, showing an excellent resistance value as an insulating material.

Provided are a flame-retardant or non-flammable polymer gel electrolyte, a lithium battery including the same, a supramolecular polymer, and a method of preparing the supramolecular polymer, the flame-retardant or non-flammable polymer gel electrolyte including a supramolecular polymer, a carbonate-based solvent, a fluorine-containing linear ester-based solvent, and a lithium salt, wherein the supramolecular polymer includes a hard segment and a soft segment, the hard segment and the soft segment are connected by a urethane bond, a urea bond or a combination thereof, the soft segment includes an alkylene oxide repeating unit, and the supramolecular polymer has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of less than 0 C.