A biomass composition contains powder of parenchyma cells of a plant containing a saccharide, a multivalent carboxylic acid and an intermediate product of juice of the plant and a multivalent carboxylic acid. The intermediate product is a substance in an intermediate step of curing reaction. The intermediate product is synthesized by adding the multivalent carboxylic acid to the juice of the plant and causing preliminary reaction by heat treatment.

There is provided a method of forming a 3-dimensional structure from a hydrogel, the process comprising the steps of: (a) placing a hydrogel polymerisation solution into a reaction vessel, and (b) allowing the hydrogel polymerisation solution to react without mixing for a period of time at ambient temperature, while introducing a polymerisation modulator to the reaction solution through a reaction solution/polymerisation modulator interface, wherein over the period of time, a modulation effect gradient is established in the reaction solution, where the modulation effect has a maximal value at the reaction solution/polymerisation modulator interface and a minimal value at a point furthest away from said interface. The said method additionally includes the use of physical constraint members such as wires and/or threads.

The present invention relates to compositions thermally curable on demand by red to near infrared irradiation, method of using same for thermal amplification of free radical polymerizations, and articles obtained by such method. The invention also relates to the use of a heat-generating dye in association with a thermal initiator for controlling the onset of thermal free radical polymerization.

Disclosed are compositions and articles for a semi-rigid hydrogel material that provides an acoustic coupling medium for ultrasound diagnostic and treatment techniques. In one aspect, a hydrogel material for an acoustic coupling medium includes a sodium alginate block copolymer, a dimethylacrylamide monomer, and water. In some implementations, the sodium alginate block copolymer is present in an amount of about 0.5 wt % to about 25 wt %, the dimethylacrylamide monomer is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 40 wt %, and the water is present in an amount of at least about 50 wt % of the total weight of the hydrogel composition.

A method of preparing a polymer composite includes dispersing a nanosheet filler within a polymer matrix by dissolving a monomer in water to form a first solution, dispersing the nanosheet filler in an organic solvent in the presence of an emulsifying agent to form a second solution, combining the first solution and the second solution, and adding a polymerization initiator to initiate a polymerization reaction of the monomer to form a polymer composite precursor comprising the nanosheet filler dispersed in the polymer matrix. The method further includes quenching the polymerization reaction and then filtering, washing, grinding, and drying the polymer composite precursor to form the polymer composite. A method of preparing a polymer composite hydrogel for water shutoff applications and the associated method of forming a barrier to shut off or reduce unwanted production of water in a subterranean formation utilizing the polymer composite hydrogel is also provided.

A method of preparing a polymer composite includes dispersing a nanosheet filler within a polymer matrix by dissolving a monomer in water to form a first solution, dispersing the nanosheet filler in an organic solvent in the presence of an emulsifying agent to form a second solution, combining the first solution and the second solution, and adding a polymerization initiator to initiate a polymerization reaction of the monomer to form a polymer composite precursor comprising the nanosheet filler dispersed in the polymer matrix. The method further includes quenching the polymerization reaction and then filtering, washing, grinding, and drying the polymer composite precursor to form the polymer composite. A method of preparing a polymer composite hydrogel for water shutoff applications and the associated method of forming a barrier to shut off or reduce unwanted production of water in a subterranean formation utilizing the polymer composite hydrogel is also provided.

A pH sensitive water-absorbent resin suitable for oil well cement slurry and an application thereof are provided. The pH sensitive water-absorbent resin includes distilled water, a monomer, a mixed auxiliary agent, a crosslinking agent and an initiator, the amount of the monomer is 30% to 100% of the mass of the distilled water, the amount of the mixed auxiliary agent is 16% to 67% of the mass of the monomer, the amount of the crosslinking agent is 0.2% to 1% of the mass of the monomer, and the amount of the initiator is 0.4 to 1% of the mass of the monomer.

A method for preparing a hydrogel comprising mixing a solution of a polymer with a photoinitiator, where the polymer comprises multiple subunits each having a non-aromatic unsaturated functional group, and irradiating the mixture with visible light to produce the hydrogel.

The present invention concerns an aqueous dispersion comprising particles of water-soluble polymer of average molecular weight higher than or equal to 0.5 million daltons, or of water-swellable polymer, and a mixture of at least one sulfate salt and at least one phosphate salt in weight proportions of between 25:75 and 75:25

There is provided a method of forming a 3-dimensional structure from a hydrogel, the process comprising the steps of: (a) placing a hydrogel polymerisation solution into a reaction vessel, and (b) allowing the hydrogel polymerisation solution to react without mixing for a period of time at ambient temperature, while introducing a polymerisation modulator to the reaction solution through a reaction solution/polymerisation modulator interface, wherein over the period of time, a modulation effect gradient is established in the reaction solution, where the modulation effect has a maximal value at the reaction solution/polymerisation modulator interface and a minimal value at a point furthest away from said interface. The said method additionally includes the use of physical constraint members such as wires and/or threads.