A composition contains: an aromatic ring-containing compound; a fluorine atom-containing polymer; and an organic solvent. The fluorine atom-containing polymer has: a first structural unit represented by formula (1); and a second structural unit represented by formula (2). In the formula (1), R.sup.1 represents a fluorine atom-containing monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. In the formula (2), R.sup.3 represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and R.sup.4 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.

##STR00001##

An actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition includes a resin and a compound that generates an acid upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation, in which an A value determined by Formula (1) is 0.130 or more, and the compound that generates an acid upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation includes one or more selected from the group consisting of a compound (I) to a compound (III).

The present invention provides a material for forming an organic film, containing a compound shown by the following general formula (1), and an organic solvent. In the formula (1), X represents an organic group having a valency of n1 and 2 to 50 carbon atoms, n1 represents an integer of 2 to 10, R.sub.1 represents at least one or more of the following formulae (2) to (4), where l1 represents 0 or 1, and l2 represents 0 or 1. Thus, provided is an organic film material for forming an organic film that has all of high filling property, high planarizing property, and excellent adhesive force to a substrate.

##STR00001##

The present invention provides a material for forming an organic film, containing a compound shown by the following general formula (1), and an organic solvent. In the formula (1), X represents an organic group having a valency of n1 and 2 to 50 carbon atoms, n1 represents an integer of 2 to 10, R.sub.1 represents at least one or more of the following formulae (2) to (4), where l1 represents 0 or 1, and l2 represents 0 or 1. Thus, provided is an organic film material for forming an organic film that has all of high filling property, high planarizing property, and excellent adhesive force to a substrate.

##STR00001##

The present invention has an object to provide an anti-biofouling coating material which is capable of forming a coating film excellent in anti-biofouling properties and adhesiveness. Further, the present invention has another object to provide a ship, etc. and an article to be used in a humid or wetted environment, having, on its surface, a coating film formed by using the above anti-biofouling coating material. Further, the present invention has other objects to provide a method for preventing adhesion of organisms to a ship, etc. and to provide a method for preventing adhesion of fungi or algae to the surface of an article to be used in a humid or wetted environment, by using the above anti-biofouling coating material. The anti-biofouling coating material of the present invention is an anti-biofouling coating material to be applied to the surface of an article in order to prevent adhesion of organisms, which comprises a polymer F being a fluorinated polymer containing units based on a fluoroolefin, and a polymer G being a polymer containing units based on a (meth)acrylate having a polyoxyalkylene chain.

The present invention has an object to provide an anti-biofouling coating material which is capable of forming a coating film excellent in anti-biofouling properties and adhesiveness. Further, the present invention has another object to provide a ship, etc. and an article to be used in a humid or wetted environment, having, on its surface, a coating film formed by using the above anti-biofouling coating material. Further, the present invention has other objects to provide a method for preventing adhesion of organisms to a ship, etc. and to provide a method for preventing adhesion of fungi or algae to the surface of an article to be used in a humid or wetted environment, by using the above anti-biofouling coating material. The anti-biofouling coating material of the present invention is an anti-biofouling coating material to be applied to the surface of an article in order to prevent adhesion of organisms, which comprises a polymer F being a fluorinated polymer containing units based on a fluoroolefin, and a polymer G being a polymer containing units based on a (meth)acrylate having a polyoxyalkylene chain.

The invention relates to the use of mica coated with at least one metal oxide as flame retardant, and also thermoplastic molding compositions provided therewith.

The invention relates to the use of mica coated with at least one metal oxide as flame retardant, and also thermoplastic molding compositions provided therewith.

There is provided herein a flame retarded polyamide composition comprising: (a) at least one polyamide; (b) a hydroquinone bisdiphenyl phosphate ester of the general formula (I): wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 each independently is aryl, or arylalkyl each independently containing up to about 30 carbon atoms, optionally interrupted with heteroatoms, X is a divalent hydroquinone group, containing up to about 20 carbon atoms, and n has an average value of from about 1.0 to about 2.0; and, (c) at least one brominated flame retardant and optionally, melamine polyphosphate. ##STR00001##

There is provided herein a flame retarded polyamide composition comprising: (a) at least one polyamide; (b) a hydroquinone bisdiphenyl phosphate ester of the general formula (I): wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 each independently is aryl, or arylalkyl each independently containing up to about 30 carbon atoms, optionally interrupted with heteroatoms, X is a divalent hydroquinone group, containing up to about 20 carbon atoms, and n has an average value of from about 1.0 to about 2.0; and, (c) at least one brominated flame retardant and optionally, melamine polyphosphate. ##STR00001##