A durable coating which reduces ice adhesion and minimizes ice accumulation includes a polymeric binder and a film forming lubricant. The polymeric binder is selected from a fluoropolymer or silicone polymer having one or more reactive groups. The film forming lubricant is a lubricous fluoropolymer or silicone polymer. Methods of applying a durable coating are also disclosed.

A pattern is formed by coating a resist composition comprising a fluorine-containing polymer, a base resin, an acid generator, and an organic solvent, baking the composition at 50-300° C. in an atmosphere of a solvent having a boiling point of 60-250° C., exposure, and development. In immersion lithography, the resist film is improved in water repellency and water slip, and LWR after pattern formation is reduced. In EB or EUV lithography, outgassing is suppressed and LWR is reduced.

A pattern is formed by coating a resist composition comprising a fluorine-containing polymer, a base resin, an acid generator, and an organic solvent, baking the composition at 50-300° C. in an atmosphere of a solvent having a boiling point of 60-250° C., exposure, and development. In immersion lithography, the resist film is improved in water repellency and water slip, and LWR after pattern formation is reduced. In EB or EUV lithography, outgassing is suppressed and LWR is reduced.

The present invention is directed to dirt and anti-microbial resistant compositions and articles that include a powder coating composition formed from a precursor comprising polymeric binder resin, cross-linker, and a blend of liquid carrier and anionic fluorosurfactant. The powder coating may be formed using a liquid-based anionic fluorosurfactant wherein the solids content of the anionic fluorosurfactant within the precursor is from about 13 wt. % to about 28 wt. %.

Disclosed is a salt represented by formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein, in formula (I), Q.sup.1 and Q.sup.2 each independently represent a fluorine atom or the like, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or the like, Z represents an integer of 0 to 6, X.sup.1 represents *—CO—O— or the like, where * represents a bonding site to C(R.sup.1)(R.sup.2) or C(Q.sup.1)(Q.sup.2), L.sup.1 represents a single bond or a saturated hydrocarbon group, and —CH.sub.2— included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —SO.sub.2— or —CO—, A.sup.1 represents a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, R.sup.a represents a cyclic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, and Z.sup.+ represents an organic cation.

The present invention relates to a coated article comprising a partial or complete fluorinated coating on the surface of an article, wherein the coating comprises 5 to 99% by weight of a hydrophobic compound, and 1 to 95% by weight of a fluorinated surface effect agent, both based on the total solids weight of the coating, where the hydrophobic compound is selected from a hydrophobic cyclic or acyclic ester alcohol.

The present invention relates to a coated article comprising a partial or complete fluorinated coating on the surface of an article, wherein the coating comprises 5 to 99% by weight of a hydrophobic compound, and 1 to 95% by weight of a fluorinated surface effect agent, both based on the total solids weight of the coating, where the hydrophobic compound is selected from a hydrophobic cyclic or acyclic ester alcohol.

The present invention provides a biomedical electrode composition capable of forming a living body contact layer for a biomedical electrode that is excellent in conductivity and biocompatibility, is light-weight, can be manufactured at low cost, and can control significant reduction in conductivity even though the biomedical electrode is soaked in water or dried. The present invention was accomplished by a biomedical electrode composition including a polymer compound having both the ionic repeating unit “a” and the repeating unit “b” of (meth)acrylate, in which the ionic repeating unit “a” is a repeating unit of sodium salt, potassium salt, or ammonium salt including a partial structure represented by the following general formula (1), and the repeating unit “b” of (meth)acrylate is a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (2). ##STR00001##

The present invention provides a biomedical electrode composition capable of forming a living body contact layer for a biomedical electrode that is excellent in conductivity and biocompatibility, is light-weight, can be manufactured at low cost, and can control significant reduction in conductivity even though the biomedical electrode is soaked in water or dried. The present invention was accomplished by a biomedical electrode composition including a polymer compound having both the ionic repeating unit “a” and the repeating unit “b” of (meth)acrylate, in which the ionic repeating unit “a” is a repeating unit of sodium salt, potassium salt, or ammonium salt including a partial structure represented by the following general formula (1), and the repeating unit “b” of (meth)acrylate is a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (2). ##STR00001##

Provided are a composition including at least one selected from silica particles in a shape in which a plurality of spherical silicas are connected in a bead shape, silica particles in a shape in which a plurality of spherical silicas are connected in a plane, or silica particles having a hollow structure, a surfactant, and a solvent, in which at least a part of hydroxy groups on a surface of the silica particles is treated with a hydrophobizing treatment agent which reacts with the hydroxy group; a film formed of the composition; a structural body; a color filter; a solid-state imaging element; and an image display device.