The embodiments described herein generally relate to methods and chemical compositions of phenolic epoxy systems. In one embodiment, a composition comprising a phenolic epoxy resin system includes an epoxy resin component and an alkoxylated phenol-aldehyde novolac resin.

The invention relates to a security pigment of core-shell particles, comprising a core based on a thermoplastic material, a shell based on a condensation polymer, and an organic or metalorganic feature substance present in dissolved or finely distributed form in the core, wherein the mass fraction of the shell amounts to more than 25%, preferably 50%, particularly more than 100%, in relation to the mass of the core. The invention further relates to a method for producing the core-shell particles and to value documents having the core-shell particles.

The invention relates to a security pigment of core-shell particles, comprising a core based on a thermoplastic material, a shell based on a condensation polymer, and an organic or metalorganic feature substance present in dissolved or finely distributed form in the core, wherein the mass fraction of the shell amounts to more than 25%, preferably 50%, particularly more than 100%, in relation to the mass of the core. The invention further relates to a method for producing the core-shell particles and to value documents having the core-shell particles.

Most processes currently being proposed and/or used for the production of lignin from kraft or soda black liquors are capable of producing two main types of lignin: high residual content (HRC) lignin and low residual content (LRC) lignin. Surprisingly, it was discovered that HRC lignin, is a suitable ingredient in alkaline adhesives, particularly wood adhesives of the phenolic type (e.g. resole resins). This biomaterial is environmentally green and remarkably low cost, which makes it an industrially viable material to be used as a novel and major ingredient in phenolic adhesives for the manufacture of exterior grade plywood, laminated veneer lumber, oriented strand board (OSB) and other wood productsthis was successfully demonstrated in a number of laboratory experiments as well as several different mill trials. The composition, preparation and application of such wood adhesives are hereby disclosed.

Most processes currently being proposed and/or used for the production of lignin from kraft or soda black liquors are capable of producing two main types of lignin: high residual content (HRC) lignin and low residual content (LRC) lignin. Surprisingly, it was discovered that HRC lignin, is a suitable ingredient in alkaline adhesives, particularly wood adhesives of the phenolic type (e.g. resole resins). This biomaterial is environmentally green and remarkably low cost, which makes it an industrially viable material to be used as a novel and major ingredient in phenolic adhesives for the manufacture of exterior grade plywood, laminated veneer lumber, oriented strand board (OSB) and other wood productsthis was successfully demonstrated in a number of laboratory experiments as well as several different mill trials. The composition, preparation and application of such wood adhesives are hereby disclosed.

Most processes currently being proposed and/or used for the production of lignin from kraft or soda black liquors are capable of producing two main types of lignin: high residual content (HRC) lignin and low residual content (LRC) lignin. Surprisingly, it was discovered that HRC lignin, is a suitable ingredient in alkaline adhesives, particularly wood adhesives of the phenolic type (e.g. resole resins). This biomaterial is environmentally green and remarkably low cost, which makes it an industrially viable material to be used as a novel and major ingredient in phenolic adhesives for the manufacture of exterior grade plywood, laminated veneer lumber, oriented strand board (OSB) and other wood productsthis was successfully demonstrated in a number of laboratory experiments as well as several different mill trials. The composition, preparation and application of such wood adhesives are hereby disclosed.

Fiber-reinforced organic polymer aerogels, articles of manufacture and uses thereof are described. The reinforced aerogels include a fiber-reinforced organic polymer matrix having an at least bimodal pore size distribution with a first mode of pores having an average pore size of less than or equal to 50 nanometers (nm) and a second mode of pores having an average pore size of greater than 50 nm and a thermal conductivity of less than or equal to 30 mW/m.Math.K at a temperature of 20 C.

Fiber-reinforced organic polymer aerogels, articles of manufacture and uses thereof are described. The reinforced aerogels include a fiber-reinforced organic polymer matrix having an at least bimodal pore size distribution with a first mode of pores having an average pore size of less than or equal to 50 nanometers (nm) and a second mode of pores having an average pore size of greater than 50 nm and a thermal conductivity of less than or equal to 30 mW/m.Math.K at a temperature of 20 C.

Provided is a heat-curable resin composition having an excellent workability, and capable of yielding a cured product having both a heat resistance and a low water-absorption property. The heat-curable resin composition contains: (A) a cyanate ester compound having in one molecule at least two cyanato groups, and having a cyanate ester group equivalent of 50 to 140; (B) a cyanate ester compound having in one molecule at least two cyanato groups, and having a cyanate ester group equivalent of 150 to 500; and (C) a curing accelerator,
in which the cyanate ester compound (A) is in an amount of 20 to 85% by mass per a total of 100% by mass of the components (A) and (B), and the cyanate ester compound (B) is in an amount of 15 to 80% by mass per the total of 100% by mass of the components (A) and (B).

Provided is a heat-curable resin composition having an excellent workability, and capable of yielding a cured product having both a heat resistance and a low water-absorption property. The heat-curable resin composition contains: (A) a cyanate ester compound having in one molecule at least two cyanato groups, and having a cyanate ester group equivalent of 50 to 140; (B) a cyanate ester compound having in one molecule at least two cyanato groups, and having a cyanate ester group equivalent of 150 to 500; and (C) a curing accelerator,
in which the cyanate ester compound (A) is in an amount of 20 to 85% by mass per a total of 100% by mass of the components (A) and (B), and the cyanate ester compound (B) is in an amount of 15 to 80% by mass per the total of 100% by mass of the components (A) and (B).