β-Lactamase substrates and methods for using the substrates to detect β-lactamase and to diagnose tuberculosis.

β-Lactamase substrates and methods for using the substrates to detect β-lactamase and to diagnose tuberculosis.

Functionalized fluorescent tracers, compositions, and methods for extracting the functionalized fluorescent tracers from oil phases and other wellbore or drilling fluids are provided. In some implementations, a sorbent for extracting tracer molecules from a fluid includes a silica-based sorbent. The silica-based sorbent includes a hydrophobic functional group and an ionic functional group. In some implementations, the ionic functional group is positively charged. In some implementations, the ionic functional group is negatively charged. A method of extracting a functionalized dye from an oil phase includes mixing a sorbent for extracting tracer molecules with an oil phase sample that includes a functionalized fluorescent tracer, recovering the sorbent from the oil phase, and dispersing the sorbent in an organic solvent. In some implementations, the method includes lowering the pH of the organic solvent. In some implementations, the method includes raising the pH of the organic solvent.

Functionalized fluorescent tracers, methods of making the tracers, and methods of using the tracers are provided. In some implementations, the fluorescent tracers include a functionalized fluorescent dye. The functionalized fluorescent dye includes an isothiocyanate-containing dye functionalized with a functional group that includes a primary amine. In some implementations, a method of tracing fluid flow in a subterranean formation includes mixing the functionalized fluorescent tracer into a fluid, flowing the tracer fluid into a subterranean formation, recovering a sample from a subterranean formation, and analyzing the sample for a fluorescent signal and a barcode functional group.

Functionalized fluorescent tracers, methods of making the tracers, and methods of using the tracers are provided. In some implementations, the fluorescent tracers include a functionalized fluorescent dye. The functionalized fluorescent dye includes an isothiocyanate-containing dye functionalized with a functional group that includes a primary amine. In some implementations, a method of tracing fluid flow in a subterranean formation includes mixing the functionalized fluorescent tracer into a fluid, flowing the tracer fluid into a subterranean formation, recovering a sample from a subterranean formation, and analyzing the sample for a fluorescent signal and a barcode functional group.

A composition includes a functionalized fluorescent dye. The functionalized fluorescent dye includes an isothiocyanate-containing dye functionalized with a functional group. The functional group includes an aromatic compound with a primary amine. The functionalized fluorescent dye can be mixed with a fluid to form a tracer fluid for tracing fluid flow in a subterranean formation.

A composition includes a functionalized fluorescent dye. The functionalized fluorescent dye includes an isothiocyanate-containing dye functionalized with a functional group. The functional group includes an aromatic compound with a primary amine. The functionalized fluorescent dye can be mixed with a fluid to form a tracer fluid for tracing fluid flow in a subterranean formation.

A composition includes a functionalized fluorescent dye. The functionalized fluorescent dye includes an isothiocyanate-containing dye that is functionalized with a functional group. The functional group includes a primary amine. The functionalized fluorescent dye can be mixed with a fluid to form a tracer fluid for tracing fluid flow in a subterranean formation.

A composition includes a functionalized fluorescent dye. The functionalized fluorescent dye includes an isothiocyanate-containing dye that is functionalized with a functional group. The functional group includes a primary amine. The functionalized fluorescent dye can be mixed with a fluid to form a tracer fluid for tracing fluid flow in a subterranean formation.

A quencher is disclosed having a compound represented by the following general formula (1):

##STR00001##

wherein R.sub.5 each independently represent a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkylthio group, an amino group having a substituent or not having a substituent, a hydroxy group, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, or an arylalkyl group; R.sub.6 represents a group having a polymerizable unsaturated group, a hydroxy group, or the like; Y.sub.1 represents an oxygen atom, or the like; An.sup.− represents an anion; Ar.sub.1 represents a specific ring structure; * and ** represent binding positions; Ar.sub.2 represents a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, or an anthracene ring; n.sub.1 represents a specific integer;
and the following structure (1-10) in the general formula (1) is an asymmetric structure;

##STR00002##

(wherein R.sub.5, Y.sub.1, Ar.sub.1, Ar.sub.2, n.sub.1, * and ** are the same as described above.).