A fluorophore or conjugated polymer with aggregation-induced emission characteristics useful for drug tracking and delivery, identification and labeling of biological subjects, such as cells or parts of a cell, as well as for imaging, and image-guided photodynamic therapy are described herein.

A photoelectric conversion element including a photoconductor layer, wherein the photoconductor layer contains semiconductor fine particles carrying a metal complex dye of Formula (I); a metal complex dye, a dye solution, a dye-adsorbed electrode, a dye-sensitized solar cell, and a method for producing the solar cell:
M(LD)(LA).Math.(CI) Formula (I) wherein M represents a metal ion; LD represents a tridentate ligand of formulas (DL-1) to (DL-4); LA represents a specific tridentate ligand; and CI represents a counter ion: ##STR00001## Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 represent an oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, or phosphorus atom; AD and BD represent a hydrocarbon or hetero ring; L represents a linking group of formulas (L-1) to (L-4); and Ra and Rb represent a substituent, ##STR00002## X represents a nitrogen or carbon atom; CD represents hetero ring; T represents O, S, NR.sup.L2 or PR.sup.L3; R.sup.L1 to R.sup.L3 represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent; and Alk represents an alkylene group.

The present invention provides a fused aromatic compound represented by general formula (1) or general formula (2): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sub.1 to R.sub.8 each independently represent an atom or a functional group selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon oxy group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, an ester group, an acyl group, a cyano group, and a substituted silyl group, X.sub.1 to X.sub.4 each independently represent a cyano group, an ester group, or an acyl group, and Y.sub.1 to Y.sub.4 each independently represent an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a selenium atom.

The invention relates to small, conjugatable, orthogonal and tunable fluorophores for imaging of small bioactive molecules. The invention further relates to processes for the preparation of the compounds, and uses of the compounds in therapeutic, diagnostic, surgery and analytical applications. The invention provides a compound of formula (I), a derivative or a salt thereof. Wherein X is selected from the group consisting of NH, O, S, SeR5R6, CR7R8; R1 is selected from the group consisting of amines, alcohols, thiols, thiophenols, selenols, selenophenols and aryl groups; R2 and R3 are independently H or a halogen; R4 tis either H, nitro or cyano; R5 is either absent or methyl or oxygen; R6 is either absent or methyl or oxygen; and R7 and R8 are independently selected from the group consisting of linear or cyclic alkyl groups containing halogen, amino, cyano or carboxylic ester substituents, and alkyl aryl groups. ##STR00001##

Described are multifocal contact lenses that contain high energy visible (HEV) light absorbing compounds and their use for improving one or more vision attributes.

The present disclosure is directed, in general, to synthesizing optionally substituted 2-dicyanomethylene-3-cyano-4-methyl-5-phenyl-5-perfluoromethyl-2,5-dihydrofuran comprising (i) reacting tributyl (1-ethoxyvinyl) tin with n-butyllithium at a temperature of between 30 C. and 10 C. to produce a first reaction product; (ii) reacting the first reaction product with 2,2,2-trifuoroacetophenone to produce a second reaction product: (iii) quenching the second reaction product with an acid to produce 3-hydroxy-3-phenyl-4,4,4-trifluoro-2-butanone; and (iv) reacting the 3-hydroxy-3-phenyl-4,4,4-trifluoro-2-butanone with malononitrile in the presence of base to produce 2-dicyanomethylene-3-cyano-4-methyl-5-phenyl-5-perfluoromethyl-2,5-dihydrofuran.

Described are multifocal contact lenses that contain high energy visible (HEV) light absorbing compounds and their use for improving one or more vision attributes.

Design and applications of a class of water-soluble small molecules represented by formula 1. The molecules, in their dilute aqueous solutions, exhibit lower critical solution temperature (LCST) phase transitions near room temperature, inducing a temperature triggered switching of opacity. Further, disclosed is a scalable smart window, akin to a radiative energy management system, that can be incorporated into the built environment for imparting energy efficiency. The window fabrication is facile wherein the aqueous solution is sandwiched between two transparent glass panes to enable modulation of light and heat transmission. The dynamic window of present invention represents with multifarious applications in developing scalable, smart energy management systems for indoor building environments is envisioned to be a major contribution towards cost effective smart glass technologies. ##STR00001##