The present invention relates to a method of separating betanin from red quinoa by supercritical fluid fractionation, including: mixing an extract of red quinoa with an ethanol/water mixture to obtain a mixture of red quinoa/ethanol/water; and separating betanin from the mixture of red quinoa/ethanol/water by supercritical fluid fractionation, which operates under a pressure between 2300 to 4400 psi at a temperature between 35 to 65 C. for a period of time between 15 to 90 minutes.

Provided herein are heptamethine cyanine dyes having a large Stokes shift, and the salts and conjugates thereof. Also provided are methods of using and making such large Stokes shift dyes as fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) acceptors or donors.

An oxadiazole dye for use as an organic photosensitizer. The oxadiazole dye comprising donor--spacer-acceptor type molecules in which at least one of an oxadiazole group acts as a -conjugated bridge (spacer), a naphthyl unit acts as an electron-donating unit, a carboxyl group act as an electron acceptor group, and a cyano group acts as an anchor group. An optional thiophene group acts as part of the -conjugated bridge (spacer). The dye for use as organic photosensitizers in a dye-sensitized solar cell. The dye for use in photodynamic therapies. Computational DFT and time dependent DFT (TD-DFT) modeling techniques showing Light Harvesting Efficiency (LHE), Free Energy for Electron Injection (G.sup.inject), Excitation Energies, and Frontier Molecular Orbitals (FMOs) indicate that the series of dye comprise a more negative G.sup.inject and a higher LHE value; resulting in a higher incident photon to current efficiency (IPCE).

A method for loading a support with a compound in an organic solvent, characterized in that the organic solvent contains an amine. The organic solvent preferably has a hydroxy group. The compound preferably has at least one of carboxyl, sulfonic, phosphoric, phosphonic, and alkoxysilyl groups. The support is preferably a metal oxide, such as titanium oxide, zinc oxide, or aluminum oxide. The resulting compound-loaded support is suited for use as an electrode.

The present invention relates to: (1) a graft polymer that has a polyolefin (A) as the main chain, and a polymer (B) polymerized a dye (b) having a radical reactive functional group, in a side chain; (2) the graft polymer which is characterized in that the dye (b) having the radical reactive functional group is a cationic rhodamine derivative, a cationic triarylmethane-type dye derivative or a cationic cyanine-type dye derivative, having an ethylenically unsaturated group; (3) a colored resin consisting of the graft polymer; as well as (4) a method for producing the colored resin, which is characterized by mixing the polyolefin (A), the dye (b) having the radical reactive functional group, and the radical reaction initiator (C), and subjecting a radical reaction of the mixture; and the like.

The present invention provides novel compounds and methods for hydrocyanines derived from near-infrared cyanine dyes, as reactive oxygen species probes in imaging. In certain embodiments, the present invention provides reduced dyes as substrates for ELISA and Western blots.

Sterile and non-toxic pharmaceutical compositions of near IR, closed chain, sulfo-cyanine dyes and methods for visualizing tissue under illumination with near-infrared radiation are provided.

An object of the present invention is to provide a color developing composition which develops colors in a high density and does not significantly discolor when aged, a lithographic printing plate precursor which has excellent plate-inspecting properties by means of color development and is capable of maintaining strong color development even when aged after color development, a plate making method for a lithographic printing plate in which the lithographic printing plate precursor is used, and a new compound that can be preferably used as a color developer.

The color developing composition of the present invention includes a compound represented by Formula 1. The compound in the present invention is represented by Formula 1. In Formula 1, R.sup.1 represents a group in which an R.sup.1O bond is cleaved by heat or exposure to infrared rays.

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Provided herein are heptamethine cyanine dyes having a large Stokes shift, and the salts and conjugates thereof. Also provided are methods of using and making such large Stokes shift dyes as fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) acceptors or donors.

The problem of the present invention is to overcome drawbacks of conventional optical filters such as near-infrared cut filters and to provide an optical filter which generates little scatted light even during light absorption and has excellent transmittance property. The optical filter of the present invention is characterized by containing a squarylium-based compound and a compound which absorbs or quenches fluorescence of the squarylium-based compound. The optical filter of the present invention preferably contains a near-infrared absorbing dye containing a squarylium compound (A) and at least one compound (B) selected from the group consisting of a phthalocyanine-based compound (B-1) and a cyanine-based compound (B-2).