Compositions based on HA and HAp in the field of soft tissue fillers, and a method of manufacturing thereof. Optionally, the dermal fillers are useful for enhancing facial tissue augmentation by adding volume to facial tissue, correct wrinkles and folds and restore a smooth appearance to the face. Optionally, the dermal filler comprises uncrosslinked or crosslinked HA chemically bonded to HAp.

The present invention relates to a granular thermal insulation material comprising hydrophobized silicon dioxide and at least one IR opacifier, having a tamped density of up to 250 g/l and a compressive strength according to DIN EN 826:2013 at 50% compression of 150 to 300 kPa or greater than 300 kPa, to processes for production thereof and to the use thereof for thermal insulation.

The object of the present invention is to provide silica particles which are surface-treated with a silicon compound uniformly and have improved surface characteristics and affinity with a resin. The silica particles according the present invention are surface-treated with a specific silicon compound, wherein C/Si ratio from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is not less than 0.05.

According to one embodiment, a pattern formation method can include performing a first processing of causing a surface of a first member of a processing body to be hydrophobic. The processing body includes the first member and a second member. The second member is provided at a portion of the first member. The method can include performing a second processing of causing the processing body to contact an atmosphere including a metal compound. The second processing is after the first processing. The method can include performing a third processing of processing the processing body in an atmosphere including at least one selected from the group consisting of water, oxygen, and ozone. The third processing is after the second processing. In addition, the method can include removing, after the third processing, at least a portion of another portion of the first member by using the second member as a mask.

A silica composite particle includes a silica particle and a compound in which a metal atom selected from the group consisting of Ti, Al, Zr, V, and Mg bonds to an organic group through oxygen, the silica particle being surface-treated with the compound. A coverage of a surface of the silica composite particle with the metal atom is 0.01 at % or more and 30 at % or less. When a binding energy peak of O1s in an oxide of the metal atom is assumed to be MO1s, a binding energy peak of O1s in SiO.sub.2 is assumed to be SO1s, and a binding energy peak of O1s in the silica composite particle is assumed to be MSO1s, the binding energy peaks being detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the formula 0.000452X.sup.20.059117X+SO1s<MSOs(SO1sMO1s)/100X+SO1s is satisfied.

A composite particle of the present invention includes an inorganic particle and a graphene oxide particle that coats at least a part of the inorganic particle, and the graphene oxide particle is a modified graphene oxide particle having a surface modified with a hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent.

A silica particle includes: a quaternary ammonium salt, in which the following expressions are satisfied, 0.90?F.sub.BEFORE/F.sub.AFTER?1.10, and 5?F.sub.SINTERING/F.sub.BEFORE?20, in which F.sub.BEFORE represents a maximum frequency value of a pore diameter of 2 nm or less in the silica particles before washing, which is obtained from a pore distribution curve in a nitrogen gas adsorption method, F.sub.AFTER represents a maximum frequency value of the pore diameter of 2 nm or less in the silica particles after washing, which is obtained from the pore distribution curve in the nitrogen gas adsorption method, and F.sub.SINTERING represents a maximum frequency value of the pore diameter of 2 nm or less in the silica particles before washing and after sintering at 600? C., which is obtained from the pore distribution curve in the nitrogen gas adsorption method.

Composite oxide fine particles are produced by sol-gel method under conditions in which coarse particles and aggregated particles are unlikely to be generated, and the composite oxide fine particles are further wet-filtered using a filter to remove the coarse particles and the aggregated particles. Then, a salt is added to a dispersion of the composite oxide fine particles to produce weak aggregates of the composite oxide fine particles in the dispersion. A solid content is separated from the dispersion of the composite oxide fine particles containing the aggregates, and then dried. The solid content is easily made finer because no firm aggregates are generated during the drying. That is, composite oxide fine particles containing no coarse particles and aggregated particles are obtained. Use of a known cracking means can further reduce the amount of coarse particles.

An inorganic oxide particles which have a minute particle diameter at which no interference fringes occur in a coating film and high transparency can be secured even when applied to a high refractive index substrate, and in which excitation by ultraviolet radiation is almost completely suppressed, a coating composition containing such particles, and an optical member having a cured film formed from the coating composition. Inorganic oxide particles obtained by bonding an organosilicon compound having a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group to the surface of modified metal oxide colloid particles (C) having an average particle diameter of 2 to 100 nm, which include metal oxide colloid particles (A) having an average primary particle diameter of 2 to 60 nm as nuclei and with the nuclei surface coated with a coating composed of inorganic oxide colloid particles (B) having an average primary particle diameter of 1 to 4 nm.

Provided is a method for producing a surface-treated thermally conductive filler, the method including treating the surface of the thermally conductive filler with an alkoxysilane having a specific structure by the chemical vapor deposition method.