The invention relates to hydrophobing additives on the basis of silica, one or more silicone resins and one or more functionalized alkylalkoxysilanes, the alkyl groups thereof carrying at least one amino, carboxylic acid, epoxy or hydroxy group.

A method of purifying a particle is disclosed and includes a plurality of following steps: preparing a purification solution; fully mixing a mixed solution to be purified with the purification solution, and letting stand until a plurality of separated layers appear, removing a layer of liquid where a second purification solution is located, and extracting a layer of liquid where a first purification solution is located; and freezing and drying the extracted layer of liquid to obtain a purified particle.

Provided are a surface-treated inorganic powder, which satisfies the following expression (1) and the following expression (2), and a method of producing the same, and a dispersion and a resin composition each containing the surface-treated inorganic powder: ?Expression (1) 3.0?D1?50.0; ?Expression (2) 1.00?D1/D2<1.10, in the expression (1) and the expression (2), D1 represents a presence amount (?mol/m.sup.2) of double bonds contained in the surface-treated inorganic powder, and D2 represents a presence amount (?mol/m.sup.2) of double bonds contained in a washed powder, wherein the washed powder is a powder obtained by subjecting the surface-treated inorganic powder to predetermined washing treatments.

The present invention relates to a composition comprising a silane modified metal oxide, wherein the silane modified metal oxide comprises a metal oxide having attached at least one silyl group, and wherein the silyl group comprises at least one SO.sub.3.sup.M.sup.+, OSO.sub.3.sup.M.sup.+, SSO.sub.3.sup.M.sup.+, NHSO.sub.3.sup.M.sup.+, NRSO.sub.3.sup.M.sup.+, NR.sub.3.sup.+A.sup., or -Q.sup.+A.sup. group. R, which can be the same or different, is a branched or unbranched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, heteroaryl, alkylaryl; or arylalkyl group, M.sup.+ is a cationic counterion, and A.sup. is a anionic counterion. The present invention further relates to the silane modified metal oxide used in the disclosed chemical mechanical polishing composition.

A metallic nanoparticle dispersion includes metallic nanoparticles, a liquid carrier and an optional binder, and a silane compound according to Formula I:

##STR00001## wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, an alkoxy group and an aryloxy group with the proviso that at least one of R1 to R3 represents an alkoxy group or an aryloxy group, L1 represents a divalent linking group including one to 20 carbon atoms, A represents a thiol, a disulfide or a functional moiety comprising at least one thiol or disulfide, having no more than 10 carbon atoms, and n represents 0 or 1.

A dispersion that inorganic oxide microparticles may be dispersed at a high concentration in a solvent, a composition for film formation having high transparency, high refractive index and adhesion to a base layer. Inorganic oxide microparticles wherein an amphiphilic organosilicon compound having one or more selected from a polyoxyethylene group, a polyoxypropylene group, or a polyoxybutylene group as a hydrophilic group, and one or more selected from a C.sub.1-18 alkylene group or a vinylene group as a hydrophobic group bonded to a surface of modified metal oxide colloidal particles (C) having a primary particle diameter of 2 to 100 nm, the modified metal oxide colloidal particles wherein a surface of metal oxide colloidal particles (A) having a primary particle diameter of 2 to 60 nm as a nucleus is coated with a coating material (B) including metal oxide colloidal particles having a primary particle diameter of 1 to 4 nm.

A coating composition which imparts antifog properties to substrates coated therewith. The coating compositions are removable and utilize nanoparticles functionalized with epoxy groups. The removable coating compositions are particularly useful on personal protection equipment such as face masks, shields, and protective glasses.

Disclosed herein are surface-modified membranes and other surface-modified substrates exhibiting switchable oleophobicity and oleophilicity in aqueous media. These membranes and substrates may be used for variety of applications, including controllable oil/water separation processes, oil spill cleanup, and oil/water purification. Also provided are the making and processing of such surface-modified membranes and other surface-modified substrates.

Disclosed is an amphiphilic multifunctional hybrid nanoparticle. The nanoparticle of the present invention has a detachable hydrophilic organic polymer with both a water-soluble long chain and a hydrophobic long hydrocarbon functional group attached to the surface, wherein the body of the nanoparticle is a silica or an organofunctional group substituted silica or an organofunctional group substituted silicon-oxygen bond network, and the nanoparticle contains a free organosiloxane with hydrophobic long hydrocarbon functional groups and a fatty acid or fatty acid ester or aluminum complex of fatty acid with hydrophobic long hydrocarbon functional groups. The nanoparticle can reduce the water permeability of the cement-based material; the cement-based material has the internal hydration products and interfaces are hydrophobized, further reducing the possibility that the harmful particles erode the cement-based material through moisture penetration; furthermore, SiAl oxides participate is beneficial to the improvement of its mechanical properties.

A method for producing a packaging body of the present invention includes a production step of producing a metal oxide powder, and a sealing step of placing the metal oxide powder in a bag that is filled with at least one gas selected from the group consisting of a noble gas, nitrogen gas, oxygen gas, and dry air, followed by sealing the bag, the metal oxide powder being a silica powder or a magnesia powder, the bag having a moisture permeability as measured according to JIS Z 0222-1959 of 0.30 g/(m.sup.2.Math.day) or less.