The present invention relates to a furnace black having a STSA surface area of at 130 m.sup.2/g to 350 m.sup.2/g wherein the ratio of BET surface area to STSA surface area is less than 1.1 if the STSA surface area is in the range of 130 m.sup.2/g to 150 m.sup.2/g, the ratio of BET surface area to STSA surface area is less than 1.2 if the STSA surface area is greater than 150 m.sup.2/g to 180 m.sup.2/g, the ratio of BET surface area to STSA surface area is less than 1.3 if the STSA surface area is greater than 180 m.sup.2/g, and
the STSA surface area and the BET surface area are measured according to ASTM D 6556 and to a furnace process wherein the stoichiometric ratio of combustible material to O.sub.2 when forming a combustion gas stream is adjusted to obtain a k factor of less than 1.2 and the inert gas concentration in the reactor is increased while limiting the CO.sub.2 amount fed to the reactor. Also provided is an apparatus for conducting the process according to the present invention.

The invention pertains to a process for the production of crystalline carbon structure networks in a reactor 3 which contains a reaction zone 3b and a termination zone 3c, by injecting a thermodynamically stable micro-emulsion c, comprising metal catalyst nanoparticles, into the reaction zone 3b which is at a temperature of above 600 C., preferably above 700 C., more preferably above 900 C., even more preferably above 1000 C., more preferably above 1100 C., preferably up to 3000 C., more preferably up to 2500 C., most preferably up to 2000 C., to produce crystalline carbon structure networks e, transferring these networks e to the termination zone 3c, and quenching or stopping the formation of crystalline carbon structure networks in the termination zone by spraying in water d.

The invention pertains to a process for the production of crystalline carbon structure networks in a reactor 3 which contains a reaction zone 3b and a termination zone 3c, by injecting a thermodynamically stable micro-emulsion c, comprising metal catalyst nanoparticles, into the reaction zone 3b which is at a temperature of above 600 C., preferably above 700 C., more preferably above 900 C., even more preferably above 1000 C., more preferably above 1100 C., preferably up to 3000 C., more preferably up to 2500 C., most preferably up to 2000 C., to produce crystalline carbon structure networks e, transferring these networks e to the termination zone 3c, and quenching or stopping the formation of crystalline carbon structure networks in the termination zone by spraying in water d.

It is intended to provide a carbon black which can confer reinforcing properties and low exothermicity, which are usually incompatible, as well as excellent abrasion resistance, when mixed with a rubber component, and is suitable for tire tread rubber that is used particularly under severe driving conditions.

The present invention provides a carbon black having surface free energy .sup.d of 50 to 200 mJ/m.sup.2 determined by a reverse-phase gas chromatography analysis method and a strongly acidic group concentration of 0 to 0.115 mol/m.sup.2.

Particles with suitable properties may be generated. The particles may include carbon particles.

Examples relate to methods and systems for controllably pyrolyzing hydrocarbon feedstock to produce hydrogen gas and carbon black in a continuous flow without fowling the equipment. The methods and systems control the pressure and temperature of the hydrocarbon feedstock to induce pyrolysis at selected positions in the system.

Examples relate to methods and systems for controllably pyrolyzing hydrocarbon feedstock to produce hydrogen gas and carbon black in a continuous flow without fowling the equipment. The methods and systems control the pressure and temperature of the hydrocarbon feedstock to induce pyrolysis at selected positions in the system.

Disclosed are a production method for efficiently controlling a specific surface area of conductive carbon black, and a material delivering device. The production method for efficiently controlling a specific surface area of conductive carbon black includes making acetylene mixed with a hydrocarbon raw material undergo a pyrolysis reaction at 1300 to 1500 C., wherein the hydrocarbon raw material includes one, or a combination of more than one, of hydrocarbon compounds. When acetylene is introduced to undergo a pyrolysis reaction at 1800 C., conductive carbon black is obtained with a specific surface area of generally 80 m.sup.2/g or more. When acetylene is mixed with a hydrocarbon raw material so that the temperature of the pyrolysis reaction is reduced to 1300 to 1500 C., conductive carbon black is obtained with a specific surface area of substantially from 40 to 80 m.sup.2/g by controlling the pyrolysis temperature.

Disclosed are a production method for efficiently controlling a specific surface area of conductive carbon black, and a material delivering device. The production method for efficiently controlling a specific surface area of conductive carbon black includes making acetylene mixed with a hydrocarbon raw material undergo a pyrolysis reaction at 1300 to 1500 C., wherein the hydrocarbon raw material includes one, or a combination of more than one, of hydrocarbon compounds. When acetylene is introduced to undergo a pyrolysis reaction at 1800 C., conductive carbon black is obtained with a specific surface area of generally 80 m.sup.2/g or more. When acetylene is mixed with a hydrocarbon raw material so that the temperature of the pyrolysis reaction is reduced to 1300 to 1500 C., conductive carbon black is obtained with a specific surface area of substantially from 40 to 80 m.sup.2/g by controlling the pyrolysis temperature.

Disclosed are a production method for efficiently controlling a specific surface area of conductive carbon black, and a material delivering device. The production method for efficiently controlling a specific surface area of conductive carbon black includes making acetylene mixed with a hydrocarbon raw material undergo a pyrolysis reaction at 1300 to 1500 C., wherein the hydrocarbon raw material includes one, or a combination of more than one, of hydrocarbon compounds. When acetylene is introduced to undergo a pyrolysis reaction at 1800 C., conductive carbon black is obtained with a specific surface area of generally 80 m.sup.2/g or more. When acetylene is mixed with a hydrocarbon raw material so that the temperature of the pyrolysis reaction is reduced to 1300 to 1500 C., conductive carbon black is obtained with a specific surface area of substantially from 40 to 80 m.sup.2/g by controlling the pyrolysis temperature.