Non-ASTM low hysteresis carbon blacks chemically treated, and surface coated with a compound comprising at least one amine group and at least one thiol group, and/or di- and/or polysulfidic linkage. When compared with a standard ASTM grade compound, the disclosed surface modified low hysteresis carbon black compound shows improved rolling resistance, wet traction, and DIN abrasion, comparable to silica compounds.

Non-ASTM low hysteresis carbon blacks chemically treated, and surface coated with a compound comprising at least one amine group and at least one thiol group, and/or di- and/or polysulfidic linkage. When compared with a standard ASTM grade compound, the disclosed surface modified low hysteresis carbon black compound shows improved rolling resistance, wet traction, and DIN abrasion, comparable to silica compounds.

To provide a carbon black for batteries capable of readily obtaining a positive electrode for batteries having excellent adhesiveness, and excellent output characteristics and the cycle characteristics. A carbon black for batteries, the carbon black having a BET specific surface area measured according to JIS K6217-2 C method of 100 m.sup.2/g or larger, and a surface fluorine concentration X (unit: atom %) and a surface oxygen concentration Y (unit: atom %) measured by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) satisfying the following conditions (A) and (B),
0.3≤X≤4.0 and  (A)
0.1≤Y≤3.0.  (B)

To provide a carbon black for batteries capable of readily obtaining a positive electrode for batteries having excellent adhesiveness, and excellent output characteristics and the cycle characteristics. A carbon black for batteries, the carbon black having a BET specific surface area measured according to JIS K6217-2 C method of 100 m.sup.2/g or larger, and a surface fluorine concentration X (unit: atom %) and a surface oxygen concentration Y (unit: atom %) measured by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) satisfying the following conditions (A) and (B),
0.3≤X≤4.0 and  (A)
0.1≤Y≤3.0.  (B)

The present invention provides a carbon black molded body having different pore structure from conventional carbon black. A carbon black molded body of the present invention includes a peak M of a pore volume being exist in a specified pore diameter in the specified Log differential pore volume distribution; a specified half band width of the peak M; a specified ratio of the half band width/an area-based median diameter; and a specified difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of a Log differential pore volume.

The present invention provides a carbon black molded body having different pore structure from conventional carbon black. A carbon black molded body of the present invention includes a peak M of a pore volume being exist in a specified pore diameter in the specified Log differential pore volume distribution; a specified half band width of the peak M; a specified ratio of the half band width/an area-based median diameter; and a specified difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of a Log differential pore volume.

A bifunctional plant growth promoter and methods of preparing the plant growth promoter. The plant growth promoter comprises nano carbon black modified with carboxyl groups referred to as “carbon black acid”. The nano carbon black has a structure forming a first functional part of the plant growth promoter and the carboxyl groups form a second functional part of the plant growth promoter. The plant growth promoter has an average particle size in a size range of 5 nm to 200 nm and a mass fraction of carboxyl groups in a mass fraction range of 5% to 25%.

Methods are disclosed for dispersing nanoparticles in solvents, involving the use of a cationic species and an anionic species, where at least one of the ionic species is soluble in the nonpolar solvent and the other ionic species has a relatively strong affinity for the surface of the nanoparticles. The cationic species and the anionic species together form a cluster of ion pairs shielding the nanoparticles and enhancing their dispersibility in the nonpolar solvent.

Methods are disclosed for dispersing nanoparticles in solvents, involving the use of a cationic species and an anionic species, where at least one of the ionic species is soluble in the nonpolar solvent and the other ionic species has a relatively strong affinity for the surface of the nanoparticles. The cationic species and the anionic species together form a cluster of ion pairs shielding the nanoparticles and enhancing their dispersibility in the nonpolar solvent.

The present disclosure provides a solid carbon black material including an oxidized carbon black having a pH of greater than 7, compositions including such solid carbon black material and a polymer component as well as articles made therefrom. The disclosure also concerns a method for manufacturing said solid carbon black material. The solid carbon black material is particularly useful for obtaining rubber compounds with low hysteresis, e.g. for the production of energy-saving tires, with enhanced curing rates compared to the use of conventional oxidized carbon blacks.