Disclosed are a method for manufacturing an electrode, an electrode manufactured thereby, a membrane-electrode assembly including the electrode, and a fuel cell containing the membrane-electrode assembly. The method includes the steps of: preparing an electrode forming composition by mixing a catalyst with an ionomer; applying a low-frequency acoustic energy to the electrode forming composition to perform resonant vibratory mixing so as to coat the ionomer on the surface of the catalyst; and coating the electrode forming composition to manufacture an electrode.

Provided an endless belt-shaped electrophotographic belt comprising an electro-conductive base layer comprising a thermoplastic resin and carbon black, the base layer is a cylindrical extrusion product of a resin mixture comprising the thermoplastic resin and the carbon black, and when observing a cross section of the cylindrical extrusion product with a transmission electron microscope and obtaining an electron image under conditions of a resolution of 0.01 to 1 nm/pixel and a lowest gray of more than 0 and a highest gray of less than 255, and extracting from the TEM image a square region of 100 nm a side in which the carbon black occupies 50 area % or more, among pixels resulting from the carbon black and constituting 1% by frequency from the lowest gray in the square region, pixel group constituted by the pixels that are mutually adjacent, has an area of at least 10 nm.sup.2.

Provided an endless belt-shaped electrophotographic belt comprising an electro-conductive base layer comprising a thermoplastic resin and carbon black, the base layer is a cylindrical extrusion product of a resin mixture comprising the thermoplastic resin and the carbon black, and when observing a cross section of the cylindrical extrusion product with a transmission electron microscope and obtaining an electron image under conditions of a resolution of 0.01 to 1 nm/pixel and a lowest gray of more than 0 and a highest gray of less than 255, and extracting from the TEM image a square region of 100 nm a side in which the carbon black occupies 50 area % or more, among pixels resulting from the carbon black and constituting 1% by frequency from the lowest gray in the square region, pixel group constituted by the pixels that are mutually adjacent, has an area of at least 10 nm.sup.2.

Composite particles that super-aggregates of coated aggregates having low structure carbon black cores and metal/metoxide mantles are described. Coatings containing filler-polymer compositions which have the composite particles as filler, such as curable coatings and cured coatings or films formed therefrom containing the filler-polymer compositions, with combinations of high resistivity, good optical density properties, good thermal stability, high dielectric constant, and good processability, along with their use in black matrices, black column spacers, light shielding elements in LCDs and other display devices, also are described. Inks containing the composite particle are described. Devices having these compositions, components and/or elements, and methods of preparing and making these various materials and products are described.

Composite particles that super-aggregates of coated aggregates having low structure carbon black cores and metal/metoxide mantles are described. Coatings containing filler-polymer compositions which have the composite particles as filler, such as curable coatings and cured coatings or films formed therefrom containing the filler-polymer compositions, with combinations of high resistivity, good optical density properties, good thermal stability, high dielectric constant, and good processability, along with their use in black matrices, black column spacers, light shielding elements in LCDs and other display devices, also are described. Inks containing the composite particle are described. Devices having these compositions, components and/or elements, and methods of preparing and making these various materials and products are described.

Disclosed is a method for preparing self-dispersing nano carbon black based on a thiol-ene click reaction. A sol-gel technique is used to graft a coupling agent containing a carbon-carbon double bond onto the surface of the carbon black, and a functional molecular chain is grafted onto the surface of the carbon black by a thiol-ene click reaction with a mercapto compound. The self-dispersing nano carbon black is obtained after centrifugation, washing and drying. The method is simple and easy to operate, has a high grafting rate, and can prepare self-dispersing nano carbon black adaptable to different systems by selecting mercapto compounds with different functional groups.

Disclosed is a method for preparing self-dispersing nano carbon black based on a thiol-ene click reaction. A sol-gel technique is used to graft a coupling agent containing a carbon-carbon double bond onto the surface of the carbon black, and a functional molecular chain is grafted onto the surface of the carbon black by a thiol-ene click reaction with a mercapto compound. The self-dispersing nano carbon black is obtained after centrifugation, washing and drying. The method is simple and easy to operate, has a high grafting rate, and can prepare self-dispersing nano carbon black adaptable to different systems by selecting mercapto compounds with different functional groups.

The present invention generally relates to a method for preparing a carbon black of high resistivity through the surface treatment of the carbon black which exhibits conductivity, and a carbon black prepared by this method.

The present invention generally relates to a method for preparing a carbon black of high resistivity through the surface treatment of the carbon black which exhibits conductivity, and a carbon black prepared by this method.

One or more techniques are disclosed for a method for functionalized a graphitic material comprising the steps of: 1) providing a graphitic material; 2) providing a first molecule comprising a first group, a spacer, and a second group; 3) providing a second molecule comprising a third group, a spacer, and a fourth group, wherein the third group is a different group from the first group; and 4) bonding the first molecule and the second molecule to the graphitic material. Also disclosed is a tunable material composition comprising the functionalized carbon nanotubes or functionalized graphene prepared by the methods described herein.