Methods and systems for coating metal substrates are provided. The methods and systems include sequential application of low flow and high flow powder coatings followed by a single heating step to provide a cured coating. The methods and systems include a marker that allows coating uniformity to be monitored and assessed during application. The described methods provide coatings with optimal surface smoothness and edge coverage.

To provide a powder coating material excellent in blocking resistance and capable of forming a coating film excellent in color tone and weather resistance in which the occurrence of color unevenness is suppressed, a method for its production, and a coated article having a coating film formed from the powder coating material. The powder coating material comprises a resin powder, a luster pigment and a binder, wherein the resin powder contains a fluororesin and a non-fluororesin, the binder contains a surfactant having a melting point of at least 25 C., and the luster pigment is bonded to the particle surfaces of the resin powder via the binder.

A powder coating material includes powder particles that include a binder resin, have an average circularity of 0.97 or greater, and have a coloring pigment provided on a surface of the powder particles.

Plastic powder for use as a building material for manufacturing a three-dimensional object by layer-by-layer melting and solidification by hardening of the building material at the positions corresponding to the cross-section of the three-dimensional object in the respective layer by exposure to radiation, preferably by exposure to NIR radiation, wherein the plastic powder comprises a dry blend of polymer-based particles and particles of a NIR absorber, wherein the NIR absorber comprises carbon black or is carbon black and wherein the weight percentage of carbon black in the total weight of polymer and carbon black particles is in the range of at least 0.02% and at most 0.45%, and/or wherein the carbon black has a mean primary particle diameter in the range of from 15 nm to 70 nm, preferably of at least 26 nm and/or at most 58 nm.

A method for forming a copper coated particles includes combining a precipitating agent with a solution comprising copper nitrate and particles to forming coated particles. The particles are cobalt oxide (Co.sub.3O.sub.4) or carbon black. The coated particles are washed to obtain washed coated particles, the washed coated particles are filtered to obtain filtered coated particles, the filtered coated particles are dried to obtain dried coated particles, and the dried coated particles are calcined to obtain the copper coated particles. The copper coated particles have a reflectivity of electromagnetic radiation in a visible spectrum that is less than or equal to 5%, and a reflectivity of electromagnetic radiation in a near-IR and LiDAR spectrum that is greater than or equal to 5%.

To provide a novel resin composition that contains a polyethylene terephthalate resin and a polybutylene terephthalate resin, as well as a resin composition, a molded article, a composite, and a metal-resin composite formed from such resin composition. The resin composition contains an inorganic filler with respect to a total of 100 parts by mass of a polybutylene erephthalate resin and a polyethylene terephthalate resin, wherein a mass ratio of the polybutylene terephthalate resin and the polyethylene terephthalate resin with respect to a total of 100 parts by mass of the polybutylene terephthalate resin and the polyethylene terephthalate resin is from 10/90 to 90/10, and the polyethylene terephthalate resin comprises from 1.0 to 100 ?g/g of elemental iron.

There are very few violet or pink colored commercial pigments that display high heat stability, resistance to acidic conditions, or good lightfastness. This technology results in pigments that fall into the above color space, but display improved chemical and weathering stability. The pigments based of this technology have the molar ratio (A.sub.2O).sub.x(BO).sub.y(C.sub.2O.sub.5).sub.z(DO.sub.3).sub.w(EO.sub.2).sub.v, where 2x+y+2z+w+v100. Where A is Li or Li with one or more of Cu, Na, or K, where B is Co or Co with one or more of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Sn, or Zn, where C is Nb, Sb, or combination thereof, where D is Mo, W or combination thereof, where E is Sn, Ti, Zr, or combination thereof. The above formulation may be modified with a dopant addition of Al, B, Ba, Bi, Ca, Ce, Cr, La, P, Pr, Si, Sr, Ta, V, or Y where the dopant concentration represents 5 atomic % or less of the total number of moles of components A+B+C+D+E.

Methods and systems for coating metal substrates are provided. The methods and systems include sequential application of low flow and high flow powder coatings followed by a single heating step to provide a cured coating. The methods and systems include a marker that allows coating uniformity to be monitored and assessed during application. The described methods provide coatings with optimal surface smoothness and edge coverage.

A thermosetting powder coating material includes powder particles containing a mixture of a vinyl resin A including a block isocyanate group and a carboxyl group and a vinyl resin B including a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group, or a vinyl resin C including a block isocyanate group, a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group, wherein a content of the isocyanate group is from 0.4 mmol/g to 1.4 mmol/g, and a functional group molar ratio of [NCO/(COOH+OH)], which is obtained by dividing the content of the isocyanate group by a total content of the hydroxyl group and the carboxyl group, is from 0.5 to 1.2.

The use of an effect pigment (a) comprising an aluminum-based substrate and an iron oxide coating having a red 1.sup.st order interference color in combination with a colored absorption pigment (b) for producing a coating having enhanced coloristic properties, in particular enhanced chroma, lightness and hiding power, is provided. The pigment combination of (a) and (b) is suitable for coloring plastics, a fiber, a film and a coating composition such as a paint, a printing ink, a varnish or a powder coating, preferably an automotive, an architectural or an industrial coating composition.