Powder coating compositions, particularly metal packaging powder coating compositions, coated metal substrates, and methods; wherein the powder coating compositions include powder polymer particles comprising a polymer having a number average molecular weight of at least 2000 Daltons, wherein the powder polymer particles have a particle size distribution having a D50 of less than 25 microns; and, in certain embodiments, one or more charge control agents in contact with the powder polymer particles.

A multi-functional flexibility additive that reduces surface imperfections such as orange peel, facilitates lower viscosity during endothermic reactions, provides high flexibility to the final, cured coating, and possesses chemical resistance is contemplated. The additive is formed as a binder system adhered to a resinous flow aid carrier at a preferred weight ratio of 40:60 (binder:carrier).

The invention consists of a multi-functional hardness composition that also serves as a mar/scratch resistant additive and flow modifier. The multifunctional hardness composition itself is a mixture of polyester resin, acrylic resin, curative, degassing agent, flow modifier and glass flakes. The multifunctional hardness composition may be introduced to finished coating compositions by way of a silica carrier.

A multi-functional dispersant that also serves as a flow modifier and rheology modifier is contemplated. The dispersant itself is a mixture, extruded in the presence of water so as to impart moisture to that extrudate, which is formed from polyester resin, curatives, anti-corrosion pigments, UV absorbers, catalysts, flow modifiers, degassers, anti-oxidants and glass flakes. After grinding and optional mixing with a silica carrier, the resulting dispersant may be introduced to solid and liquid (by way of water) finished coating compositions in order to improve various properties of the coating.

A multi-functional flow modifier that also serves as a wetting agent, gloss control additive, and rheology modifier is contemplated. The flow modifier itself is a mixture of polyurethane masterbatch and hydroxyl acrylic resin (free from any styrene components/resins), curatives, anti-corrosion pigments, degassers, and anti-oxidants. The flow modifier may be introduced to finished coating compositions by way of a silica carrier.

A resin powder for solid freeform fabrication is provided which maintains the degree of smoothness of a thin layer formed with the resin powder for solid freeform fabrication even when the speed of supplying the resin powder for solid freeform fabrication using a recoater is increased and reduce lowering of the degree of smoothness of the thin layer caused by the resin powder for solid freeform fabrication that has scattered and accumulated on the recoater and others.

A multi-functional flexibility additive that reduces surface imperfections such as orange peel, facilitates lower viscosity during endothermic reactions, provides high flexibility to the final, cured coating, and possesses chemical resistance is contemplated. The additive is formed as a binder system adhered to a resinous flow aid carrier at a preferred weight ratio of 40:60 (binder:carrier).

A mar and scratch resistant additive that possesses multifunctional and other characteristics is described. The additive comprises a binder system platform that is easily introduced into a wide range of chemical coating platforms. The additive may also be introduced to these coatings by way of a silica carrier to simplify its use.

A multi-functional flow modifier that also serves as a wetting agent, gloss control additive, and rheology modifier is contemplated. The flow modifier itself is a mixture of polyurethane masterbatch and hydroxyl acrylic resin (free from any styrene components/resins), curatives, anti-corrosion pigments, degassers, and anti-oxidants. The flow modifier may be introduced to finished coating compositions by way of a silica carrier.

The invention describes the use of a water-based energy curable inkjet ink or coating composition comprising one or more synthetic rheology modifiers, one or more energy curable resins, one or more tertiary amines, and water. The viscosity of the water-based energy curable inkjet ink or coating compositions is fine tuned to the requirements of the print head through the use of a synthetic thickener. The extremely low levels required of this type of material are particularly advantageous because they then have little if any impact on the physical properties of the dried and UV cured ink. Surprisingly, the use of s synthetic thickener at these low levels gives Newtonian character inks.