A treatment solution is applied on a surface of a base iron; and the treatment solution is baked and dried. The treatment solution contains a first component: 100 parts by mass in solid content, and a second component composed of particles of one or more kinds selected from a group consisting of a polyolefin wax, an epoxy resin and an acrylic resin, the particles having an average particle size of 2.0 m to 15.0 m and a melting point of 60 C. to 140 C.: 5 parts by mass to 45 parts by mass in resin solid content. The first component contains a colloidal silica: 100 parts by mass, and an emulsion of one kind selected from a group consisting of an acrylic resin, an epoxy resin and a polyester resin which have an average particle size of 0.05 m to 0.50 m, or an emulsion of a mixture or copolymer of two or three kinds selected from the group: 40 parts by mass to 400 parts by mass in resin solid content.

This disclosure relates to compositions for protecting a metallic surface susceptible to corrosion, the composition comprising a first component comprising an aqueous mixture of an acid-phosphate of chemical formula A.sup.m(H.sub.2PO.sub.4).sub.m.nH.sub.2O, where A is hydrogen ion, ammonium cation, metal cation, or mixtures thereof where m=1-3, and n=0-6; the first component solution adjusted to a pH of about 2 to about 5, the first component having a particle size distribution between 0.04 to 60 micron; and a second component, configured for combination and at least partial reaction with the first component to provide a phosphate ceramic, the second component comprising an aqueous solution or suspension of an alkaline oxide or alkaline hydroxide represented by B.sup.2mO.sub.mB(OH).sub.2m, or mixtures thereof, where B is an element of valency 2m (m=1, 1.5, or 2) the second component solution adjusted to a pH of between 9-14.

A corrosion inhibition composition is disclosed comprising a zinc oxide, a zinc phosphate, a calcium silicate, an aluminum phosphate, a zinc calcium strontium aluminum orthophosphate silicate hydrate, a molybdate compound, a silicate compound, and a zinc phthalate compound.

Certain configurations of coated articles that are corrosion resistant are described. In some embodiments, the article comprises a substrate and a corrosion resistant coating disposed on an entire surface or a portion of the surface of the substrate. The corrosion resistant coating can resist degradation after exposure to strong acids with a negative pH with a corrosion rate of less than 20 mils/year. The coating can also, if desired, exhibit a hardness of more than 600 Vickers hardness (HV), as measured based on the ASTM E92-17 standard.

A multi-piece rim structure for a wheel includes a rim base 10, a bead seat ring 20 (ring member) and a lock ring 30. The bead seat ring 20 receives a load in a radial direction and an axial direction from a bead portion of a tire. An annular ridge 35 of the lock ring 30 can be received in an annular lock ring groove 15 of the rim base 10. A receiving groove 15a is formed in an inner surface of the lock ring groove 15 of the rim base 10. A sacrificial anticorrosion material 80 is embedded in the receiving groove 15a. The sacrificial anticorrosion material 80 includes metal such as zinc and aluminum that has a greater ionization tendency than iron that is a base material of the rim base 10 and the lock ring 30. Corrosion of the rim base 10 and the lock ring 30 can be suppressed by ionization of the sacrificial anticorrosion material 80.

One or more techniques are disclosed for a method for functionalized a graphitic material comprising the steps of: 1) providing a graphitic material; 2) providing a first molecule comprising a first group, a spacer, and a second group; 3) providing a second molecule comprising a third group, a spacer, and a fourth group, wherein the third group is a different group from the first group; and 4) bonding the first molecule and the second molecule to the graphitic material. Also disclosed is a tunable material composition comprising the functionalized carbon nanotubes or functionalized graphene prepared by the methods described herein.

To provide a new aluminium/zinc composite material that is a solid and safe and can be used as a substitute for conventional aluminium pastes or flakes in terms of at least appearance properties. The composite material contains aluminium particles and zinc particles held on the surfaces thereof. The inclusion of such composite particles renders the composite material effectively usable as a substitute for aluminium pastes.

An object achieved by the present invention is to provide a coated article having excellent appearance, corrosion resistance, weatherability, and chipping resistance obtained by a wet-on-wet coating. The present invention provides a method for forming a multilayer coating film comprising the steps of forming, on a substrate, an uncured coating film of a primer paint composition (A) containing an epoxy resin (a1) having a weight average molecular weight of 20000 or more and pigments, forming, on the uncured coating film, a top coating film of a top paint composition (B) containing an acrylic resin (b1) and the like, and simultaneously drying the films, wherein the uncured coating film of the primer paint composition (A) during application of the top paint composition (B) has a viscosity of 5 Pa.Math.s to 1000 Pa.Math.s, and the value ANV obtained by subtracting the value (NV1) of application mass solids content (%) of the primer paint composition (A) from the value (NV2) of mass solids content (%) of the uncured coating film of the primer paint composition (A) during the application of the top paint composition is 15 or more.

A method of making cerium citrate includes combining cerium carbonate and citric acid to produce cerium citrate and carbon dioxide. The cerium citrate is substantially free of negative ions other than citrate. The cerium citrate can be used in a corrosion inhibitor composition.

An article comprising a substrate and at least one coating layer disposed on the substrate. The coating layer includes a silicate glass matrix, an oxygen scavenger phase dispersed through the silicate glass matrix, and at least one metal in metallic form.