Disclosed herein are a coating, a textile finish, a wax, elastomer, a filler, an adhesive, or a sealant, as well as polymeric materials such as a plastic, a laminate, a composite, that includes an enzyme that degrades cell wall or cell membrane components (e.g., a lysozyme, lytic transgrycosylase) alone or in combination with other enzymes such as a lipolytic enzyme, a sulfuric ester hydrolase, an organophosphorus compound degradation enzyme, or an antimicrobial peptide. Also disclosed herein are methods of retarding or preventing microbial growth on or in a coating, paint, textile finish, wax, elastomer, adhesive, sealant, filler, or a polymeric material, where such a surface material includes an enzyme that degrades cell wall or cell membrane components (e.g., a lysozyme, lytic transgrycosylase).

A paint and an adhesive composition of the present invention containing (a) a vinyl ester resin or unsaturated polyester resin by 20 to 40 mass %, (b) a modifying agent by 0.1 to 50 mass %, (c) a vinyl monomer and/or (meth)acrylate monomer by 30 to 70 mass % (provided that the total of the components (a), (b) and (c) is 100 mass %) and (d) an initiator by 0.1 to 15 parts by mass to a total of 100 parts by mass of the components (a), (b) and (c).

A fluoropolyether group-containing silane compound of the following formula (A1) or (A2). Also disclosed is are surface-treating agent and a pellet including the fluoropolyether group-containing silane compound, and an article including a substrate and a layer on the surface of the substrate formed of fluoropolyether group-containing silane compound. The symbols are as defined in the description.

##STR00001##

The present invention provides: a surface layer and the like, which achieve a good balance between antifouling characteristics and fixation stability during processing; and a material for forming a surface layer, and the present invention provides a surface layer which contains at least a component A and a component B, wherein: the component A has an organic moiety that contains fluorine; the component B contains an organic moiety that has at least one bond selected from the group consisting of an unsaturated hydrocarbon bond, a carbon-oxygen double bond and a carbon-nitrogen double bond; and the constitutional ratio of the component B to the component A in the surface layer is from 0.15 to 0.80. The present invention also provides a material for forming a surface layer.

The presently disclosed subject matter relates generally to antifungal nanofibrous materials and the use of such materials.

To provide a fluorinated ether compound capable of forming a surface layer excellent in initial water/oil repellency, fingerprint stain removability, abrasion resistance and light resistance; a fluorinated ether composition and a coating liquid containing the fluorinated ether compound; an article having a surface layer excellent in initial water/oil repellency, fingerprint stain removability, abrasion resistance and light resistance and a method for producing it. A fluorinated ether compound having a poly(oxyperfluoroalkylene) chain having a unit () which is an oxyperfluoroalkylene unit having 5 or 6 carbon atoms, and a unit () which is an oxyperfluoroalkylene unit having at most 4 carbon atoms, and having at least one of a hydrolysable silyl group and a silanol group on at least one terminal of the poly(oxyperfluoroalkylene) chain via a linking group.

A coating having a hydrogel layer of a hydrogel of a polysaccharide and polymer brushes attached to the hydrogel layer. A process for making the coating, having the steps of: a) providing the hydrogel layer on a substrate, b) attaching an initiator having a radically transferable atom on the hydrogel layer and c) reacting monomers with the initiator to form the polymer brushes attached to the hydrogel layer.

A method for producing an anti-fouling coating film includes: a step (1) of applying a fine uneven layer forming agent containing at least one type of polysilazane as at least one type of silica raw material on at least one surface of a base substrate, the aforementioned at least one surface comprising at least one type of resin, to form a fine uneven layer containing silica and polysilazane; a step (2) of applying a modification layer forming agent containing a reactive organic compound and polysiloxane or perfluoropolyether on a surface of the fine uneven layer obtained in the step (1), to form a modification layer containing polysiloxane or perfluoropolyether, and a step (3) of applying lubricating oil containing silicone oil or fluorinated oil on a surface of the modification layer obtained in the step (2), to form a lubricating oil layer.

Marine coatings including cationic polymers hydrolyzable to nonfouling zwitterionic polymers, coated marine surfaces, and methods for making and using the marine coatings.

The invention is related to a hydrated silicone hydrogel contact lens having a layered structural configuration: a lower water content silicone hydrogel core (or bulk material) completely covered with a layer of a higher water content hydrogel totally or substantially free of silicone. A hydrated silicone hydrogel contact lens of the invention possesses high oxygen permeability for maintaining the corneal health and a soft, water-rich, lubricious surface for wearing comfort.