The invention relates to a window for a building structure containing optically transparent and self-cooling coatings on a substrate. The optically transparent and self-cooling coatings has a multi-layered structure including a passive cooling layer, a near-infrared radiation absorption layer and a near-infrared radiation reflecting layer. The optically transparent and self-cooling coatings have a visible light transmittance of more than approximately 70%. In addition, an air temperature under the window under ventilation condition is reduced by at least approximately 2° C., and an air temperature under the window under insulated condition is reduced by at least approximately 8° C.

The invention relates to a window for a building structure containing optically transparent and self-cooling coatings on a substrate. The optically transparent and self-cooling coatings has a multi-layered structure including a passive cooling layer, a near-infrared radiation absorption layer and a near-infrared radiation reflecting layer. The optically transparent and self-cooling coatings have a visible light transmittance of more than approximately 70%. In addition, an air temperature under the window under ventilation condition is reduced by at least approximately 2° C., and an air temperature under the window under insulated condition is reduced by at least approximately 8° C.

Golf ball comprising a core, an outer layer and at least one adhesion promoting coating disposed between each of the core and the outer layer; the core comprising a rubber composition comprising at least one zinc-containing and/or magnesium-containing component; the outer layer comprising at least one ionomer; and the adhesion promoting coating comprising a waterborne dispersion comprised of at least one ethylene acid copolymer having an acid content of at least 15% by weight wherein the copolymer is at least partially neutralized with one or more neutralizing agent; wherein at least one neutralizing agent is selected from ammonia compounds and/or amine compounds. In a specific embodiment, the at least one neutralizing agent comprises i) mono and/or divalent metal compounds and ii) ammonia compounds and/or amine compounds.

A coated steel sheet has a coating film on at least one side of a plated steel sheet. The coating film contains a binder resin, non-oxide ceramic particles containing V (excluding VC particles), and doped zinc oxide particles. The respective contents of the non-oxide ceramic particles containing V and the doped zinc oxide particles relative to the coating film satisfy the expressions: [(1) C.sub.Zn≥10.0, (2) C.sub.V≤0.5.Math.C.sub.Zn, (3) C.sub.V≤70−C.sub.Zn, (4) C.sub.V≥0.125.Math.C.sub.Zn, and (5) C.sub.V≥2.0], where C.sub.V represents the content (mass %) of the non-oxide ceramic particles containing V, and C.sub.Zn represents the content (mass %) of the doped zinc oxide particles. The coated steel sheet is excellent in both corrosion resistance before electrodeposition coating, and weldability.

Provided is a VMP aluminum slurry that can satisfy metallic texture achieving high designability and demand characteristics of adhesion level with a base material. It has been found that when a coating material formed using a VMP aluminum slurry containing a specific dicarboxylic acid is made into a coating film, the adhesion with a base material is particularly excellent, and the VMP aluminum slurry of the present invention has been completed. The VMP aluminum slurry contains a dicarboxylic acid having an octanol/water partition coefficient (log Pow) of −1 to 1 and a carbon chain of 2 to 5 carbon atoms between two carboxy groups, a VMP (vacuum metallized pigment) aluminum pigment, and a solvent.

A paint contains a zinc powder, a binding agent made of an organic resin, and an inorganic material that is water-soluble and exhibits alkalinity when being dissolved in water. The inorganic material can be, for example, one that provides a saturated aqueous solution having a pH of 12 or less. For example, the basic substance may be barium carbonate, barium hydrogen phosphate, beryllium carbonate, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, calcium phosphate, lithium carbonate, lithium phosphate, magnesium carbonate, basic magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, or magnesium phosphate.

A paint contains a zinc powder, a binding agent made of an organic resin, and an inorganic material that is water-soluble and exhibits alkalinity when being dissolved in water. The inorganic material can be, for example, one that provides a saturated aqueous solution having a pH of 12 or less. For example, the basic substance may be barium carbonate, barium hydrogen phosphate, beryllium carbonate, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, calcium phosphate, lithium carbonate, lithium phosphate, magnesium carbonate, basic magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, or magnesium phosphate.

A sol-gel material for overcoating a surface-relief structure includes a titanium(IV) precursor, and a titanium oxide stabilizer including R.sup.3OC(O)OR.sup.4, R.sup.5C(O)OR.sup.6, or a combination. R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 include alkyl or alkene groups optionally containing carboxylate, alcohol, or ester functionalities, such as propylene carbonate (PC). R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 include alkyl or alkene groups optionally containing carboxylate, alcohol, or ester functionalities, for example, a lactone such as gamma butyrolactone (GBL). In some embodiments, the sol-gel material includes a source of sulfate or phosphate anions, an acid, a base, a peroxide, a surfactant, a cross-linker, a flexibilizer, a toughener additive, a solvent, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the sol-gel material is annealed at a temperature between 50-150° C., and then annealed at a temperature between 200-300° C. In some embodiments, the sol-gel material is cured using ultraviolet light before annealing at a temperature between 200-300° C.

A sol-gel material for overcoating a surface-relief structure includes a titanium(IV) precursor, and a titanium oxide stabilizer including R.sup.3OC(O)OR.sup.4, R.sup.5C(O)OR.sup.6, or a combination. R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 include alkyl or alkene groups optionally containing carboxylate, alcohol, or ester functionalities, such as propylene carbonate (PC). R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 include alkyl or alkene groups optionally containing carboxylate, alcohol, or ester functionalities, for example, a lactone such as gamma butyrolactone (GBL). In some embodiments, the sol-gel material includes a source of sulfate or phosphate anions, an acid, a base, a peroxide, a surfactant, a cross-linker, a flexibilizer, a toughener additive, a solvent, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the sol-gel material is annealed at a temperature between 50-150° C., and then annealed at a temperature between 200-300° C. In some embodiments, the sol-gel material is cured using ultraviolet light before annealing at a temperature between 200-300° C.

The present invention provides solvent-based high opacity inks and coatings. The high opacity inks and coatings comprise one or more binders, TiO.sub.2 pigment, polymeric void hollowsphere particles, and one or more organic solvents. The inks and coatings may also include mica-based pigments and aluminum pigments. The high opacity inks and coatings of the invention are suitable for use on packaging wherein a high opacity ink or coating is needed to, for example, hide undesired visual effects, or to protect the packaged goods.