To provide a composition for powder coating material capable of forming a coating film which does not have appearance defects such as seeding, cissing, etc. and which is excellent in surface smoothness; a powder coating material using said composition for powder coating material; and a coated article that has a coating film formed by the powder coating material. The powder coating composition comprises a fluoropolymer having units derived from a fluoroolefin, of which the melt viscosity at 190 C. measured by a rotary rheometer at a temperature raising rate of 10 C./min is within a range of from 0.1 to 25 Pa.Math.s, and fine particles which are composed of at least one member selected from silica, alumina, titania and zinc oxide and of which the specific surface area is from 10 to 500 m.sup.2/g and the average primary particle size is within a range of from 0.1 to 100 nm, wherein the fine particles are contained in an amount of from 0.01 to 10 parts by mass to 100 parts by mass of the fluoropolymer.

A device for use in a high speed variable printing comprises a housing having at least one surface, a series of ejection nozzles mounted on the one surface, and a source of a gating agent communicating with the nozzles. The gating agent comprises from about 0.05 to about 10% by weight of a blocking agent, up to about 15% by weight of a surface tension modifying compound, up to about 8% by weight of viscosity modifier such that the gating agent has a viscosity within the range of about 1 to 14 mPa s, and the balance of the gating agent comprises a solvent. The gating agent has a dynamic surface tension of less than about 60 dynes/cm.

Liquid composition, such as an ink composition, liquid at room temperature, the liquid composition being a liquid composition specifically for printing with a binary deflected continuous jet printing technique wherein the liquid composition forms upon printing drops which are not charged by an electric field, which each have a zero electric charge, which each form a dipole under the effect of an electric field, and then are then deflected by the electric field, characterized in that the liquid composition comprises a solvent comprising one or more organic solvent compound(s) and optionally water, the solvent having globally a dielectric constant less than 15; a binder; one or more dyes and/or pigments; and in that the liquid composition has an electrical conductivity at 20 C. less than or equal to 200 S/cm, preferably less than or equal to 150 S/cm, still preferably less than or equal to 100 S/cm.

The invention is directed to a method for manufacturing a hardcoat film including a hardcoat layer having a surface of which a water contact angle is 65 or less by applying, drying, and curing a composition for forming the hardcoat layer on a base material film, in which the composition for forming the hardcoat layer contains the components (a) to (d) as defined herein, and, in a case in which a total solid content of the composition for forming the hardcoat layer is set to 100% by mass, a content of the component (b) is 40% to 80% by mass, a content of the component (c) is 10% to 40% by mass, and a content of the component (d) is 10% to 40% by mass.

The invention relates to a method for obtaining a magnesium fluoride (MgF.sub.2) sol solution, comprising the steps of providing a magnesium alkoxide precursor in a non-aqueous solvent and adding 1.85 to 2.05 molar equivalents of non-aqueous hydrofluoric acid to said magnesium precursor, characterized in that the reaction proceeds in the presence of carbon dioxide. The invention further relates to sol solutions, method of applying the sol solutions of the invention to surfaces as a coating, and to antireflective coatings obtained thereby.

Provided are: a curable composition that makes it possible to form a cured film having excellent wear resistance and weather resistance; a laminate that is provided with the cured film; and an automobile headlamp lens. The curable composition makes it possible to obtain a cured film in which the relationship between a haze value (Hx) that is obtained by a wear resistance test and a haze value (Hy) that is obtained by a weather resistance test satisfies Hy0.3 Hx+5.0 when a cured film having a thickness of 10 m is produced.

There is provided an antireflective laminate having a low refractive index and excellent mechanical strength, which comprises a coating layer of an ionizing radiation curing-type resin composition comprising ionizing radiation curing group-containing hollow silica fine particles. The antireflective laminate comprises a light transparent base material and at least a low refractive index layer having a refractive index of not more than 1.45 provided on the light transparent base material, wherein the low refractive index layer comprises an ionizing radiation curing-type resin composition and silica fine particles having an outer shell layer with the interior of the silica fine particles being porous or void, and, for a part or all of the silica fine particles, at least a part of the surface of the silica fine particle has been treated with an ionizing radiation curing group-containing silane coupling agent.

Copper oxide particles having particular starting size and surface area characteristics can be processed by heat and milling to achieve sizes and particle size distributions that give the copper oxide properties as an infrared reflective pigment without addition of other metals or oxides.

Presently described are hardcoat compositions comprising at least one first (meth)acrylate monomer comprising at least three (meth)acrylate groups and C.sub.2-C.sub.4 alkoxy repeat units wherein the monomer has a molecular weight per (meth)acrylate group ranging from about 220 to 375 g/mole and at least one second (meth)acrylate monomer comprising at least three (meth)acrylate groups. In one embodiment, the hardcoat composition further comprises and at least 50 wt-% solids of silica nanoparticles. Also described are articles, such as protective films, displays, and touch screens comprising such cured hardcoat compositions.

This invention relates to novel applications for alliform carbon, useful in conductors and energy storage devices, including electrical double layer capacitor devices and articles incorporating such conductors and devices. Said novel applications include supercapacitors and associated electrode devices, batteries, bandages and wound healing, and thin-film devices, including display devices.