A luminescent layer is described comprising an Eu.sup.2+ doped inorganic luminescent material comprising or consisting essentially of the elements Al and/or Si and the elements O and/or N, the doped inorganic luminescent material converting radiation of the UV region between 200 nm and 400 nm of the solar spectrum into the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) region (400 nm-700 nm) of the solar spectrum, wherein the Si concentration in the inorganic luminescent material is selected between 0 and 45 at. %, the Al concentration between 0 and 50 at. %, the O concentration between 0 and 70 at. %, the N concentration between 0 and 60 at. % and the Eu2+ between 0.01 and 30 at. %.

Luminescent greenhouse glazing structures are described wherein the glazing structures comprise: a glass pane for a greenhouse; and, one or more Eu.sup.2+ doped amorphous inorganic luminescent thin film layers provided over the glass pane, wherein the one or more Eu.sup.2+ doped amorphous inorganic luminescent layers comprise or consist essentially of the elements Al and/or Si and the elements O and/or N; and, wherein the Si concentration is selected between 0 and 45 at. %, the Al concentration between 0 and 50 at. %, the O concentration between 0 and 70 at. %, the N concentration between 0 and 60 at. % and the Eu.sup.2+ between 0.01 and 30 at. %.

A liquid or pasty pigment and/or filler preparation comprising: 1 to 70% by weight of at least one pigment dispersed in the preparation and/or at least one filler dispersed in the preparation (component (A)), 1 to 25% by weight of at least one inorganic, particulate component dispersed in the preparation, as component (B), 0 to 10% by weight of at least one surface-active wetting agent, which preferably also has dispersing properties, and as the remainder water and/or at least one solvent, the particles of component (B) being nanoscale or microscale and being inorganically or organically surface-modified, the surface modifier used being selected such that component (B) has a cationic, anionic, amphoteric or non-ionic surface, and component (B) further has a zeta potential which is opposite to the charge of the particles of component (A) or, in the case of uncharged particles of component (A), has a zeta potential in the range of −60 to +40 mV so as to effect adhesion of the particles (B) to the pigment and/or filler surface. The liquid pigment and/or filler preparations are excellently suited for the production of a wide variety of varnishes and paints for various applications, but also for the colouration of plastics, for example.

This invention is to provide a hard coating film, comprising a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) base film and an antiglare hard coating layer formed thereon, wherein the antiglare hard coating layer comprises a (meth)acrylate composition, an initiator, a plurality of silica nanoparticles, a plurality of organic microparticles and a leveling agent. The (meth)acrylate composition comprises a urethane (meth)acrylate oligomer with a functionality of 6 to 15 and a molecular weight ranging between 1,000 and 4,500, and at least one (meth)acrylate monomer with a functionality of 3 to 6, and at least one (meth)acrylate monomer with functionality of less than 3.

Provided is a hard coating film for foldable displays that does not form creases or cracks in the folding portion, and that is also excellent in reducing iridescent colors (interference mottling) caused by fine cracks in an easy-to-adhere resin layer or other layers. The hard coating film for a foldable display contains a polyester film having a thickness of 10 to 80 μm, an easy-to-adhere resin layer, and a hard coating layer, the easy-to-adhere resin layer and the hard coating layer being stacked in this order on at least one surface of the polyester film, wherein the easy-to-adhere resin layer is a cured product of a composition containing a binder resin and at least one type of particles selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide particles, zirconium oxide particles, and silica particles, the at least one type of particles have a mean particle size of 5 to 150 nm, and the polyester film having the easy-to-adhere resin layer stacked thereon but not yet having the hard coating layer stacked thereon satisfies specific conditions.

The present disclosure provides an encapsulated particle for anti-UV radiation. The encapsulated particle includes a core comprising an anti-UV agent, and a shell at least partially enclosing the core and comprising a polymer. Due to the presence of the shell, the anti-UV agent can be released into surroundings at a controlled manner. The encapsulated particle can be incorporated into coatings or articles to extend their service life.

The invention relates to a method of making hybrid organic-inorganic core-shell nano-particles, comprising the steps of a) providing colloidal organic particles comprising a synthetic polyampholyte as a template; b) adding at least one inorganic oxide precursor; and c) forming a shell layer from the precursor on the template to result in core-shell nano-particles. With this method it is possible to make colloidal organic template particles having an average particle size in the range of 10 to 300 nm; which size can be controlled by the comonomer composition of the polyampholyte, and/or by selecting dispersion conditions. The invention also relates to organic-inorganic or hollow-inorganic core-shell nano-particles obtained with this method, to compositions comprising such nano-particles, to different uses of said nano-particles and compositions, and to products comprising or made from said nano-particles and compositions, including anti-reflective coatings and composite materials.

An electrical steel sheet (10) is provided with a base iron (1) and an insulating film (2) formed on a surface of the base iron (1). The insulating film (2) contains: a first component: 100 parts by mass, the first component containing: a metal phosphate: 100 parts by mass; and one kind selected from a group consisting of an acrylic resin, an epoxy resin and a polyester resin which have an average particle size of 0.05 μm to 0.50 μm, or a mixture or copolymer of two or three kinds selected from the group: 1 part by mass to 50 parts by mass; and a second component composed of dispersion or powder of a fluorine resin having an average particle size of 0.05 μm to 0.35 μm: 0.5 parts by mass to 10 parts by mass.

An insulation film composition for a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes 10-50 parts by weight of metal silicate or organic silicate, 20-70 parts by weight of inorganic nanoparticles and 0.1-20 parts by weight of cobalt hydroxide. The insulation film composition can further include 10-50 parts by weight of metal phosphate, and/or 5-30 parts by weight of inorganic nanoparticles having a particle diameter of 1 nm to less than 10 nm, and/or inorganic nanoparticles having a particle diameter of 10 to 100 nm and/or 0.1-20 parts by weight of chromium oxide.

An antibacterial device is disclosed that includes a substrate and an antibacterial coating or antibacterial surface being provided on at least a part of the substrate's surface. The antibacterial coating or surface includes Angstrom scale flakes, where the Angstrom scale flakes are arranged in a standing position on the substrate surface and are attached to the substrate surface via edge sides thereof. The Angstrom scale flakes can, for example, be graphene flakes, or graphite flakes having a thickness of a few atom layers. It has been found that such standing flakes are efficient in killing prokaryotic cells but do not harm eukaryotic cells.