Hollow particles each having a shell composed of at least one layer, wherein the at least one layer contains a nitrogen atom-containing resin having a refractive index of 1.57 or less.

A multifunctional material composition functioning as a halogen-free flame-retardant finish combined with in certain implementations one or both of antimicrobial and insect-repellant is nanomanufactured by the absorption/adsorption of metallic salts with one or more additional compounds by inorganic crystallites. The identity of the additional compounds is determined by the desired functionality of the substrate. The material composition can be chemically and mechanically applied to substrates (e.g. to cotton, nylon, and polyester based textile fabrics), for example, to yield durable antimicrobial, insecticidal, and environmentally friendly flame retardant materials. The addition of nano-scale metallic deposits to a phosphorous-rich and nitrogen-rich architecture complex improves the flame retardant properties of the substrates.

Provided herein are conductive formulations which are useful for applying conductive material to a suitable substrate; the resulting coated articles have improved EMI shielding performance relative to articles coated with prior art formulations employing prior art methods. In accordance with certain aspects of the present invention, there are also provided methods for filling a gap in an electronic package to achieve electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding thereof, as well as the resulting articles shielded thereby. Specifically, invention methods utilize capillary flow to substantially fill any gaps in the coating on the surface of an electronic package. Effective EMI shielding has been demonstrated with very thin coating thickness.

A method for roughening a surface of a substrate, including: applying a composition containing inorganic particles and organic resin to the surface of the substrate and drying and curing the composition to form an organic resin layer; and etching the substrate by a solution containing hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen peroxide, or an acid, to roughen the surface. Preferably, the solution contains hydrogen fluoride and ammonium fluoride or hydrogen peroxide and ammonia, the resin layer contains a ratio of the particles to the resin of 5 to 50 parts by mass to 100 parts by mass, and the composition is a mixture of silica sol wherein silica is dispersed as the inorganic particles in organic solvent or titanium oxide sol wherein titanium oxide is dispersed, with a solution of the organic resin. The method is applied to a light extraction layer of an LED or a low-reflective glass of a solar cell.

A method of producing silica-based particles includes, when a dispersion liquid of composite oxide particles is prepared by simultaneously adding an aqueous silicate solution and/or an acidic silicic acid solution and an aqueous solution of an alkali-soluble inorganic compound in an alkali aqueous solution or in an alkali aqueous solution with seed particles dispersed therein, if required, the aqueous silicate solution and/or the acidic silicic acid solution and the aqueous solution of alkali-soluble inorganic compound are added so that the molar ratio of MO.sub.x/SiO.sub.2 are in a range from 0.01 to 2, herein MO.sub.x denoting an inorganic oxide other than silica and SiO.sub.2 denoting silica to prepare the dispersion liquid of composite oxide particles with an average diameter (D.sub.p1) in a range from 3 to 300 nm.

A coating composition for forming an electrically insulating film, a method of making the coating composition, and the cured coating composition are provided. The coating composition includes a curable polymer comprising at least one functional group for forming cross-linking structures, a curative configured to react with the at least one functional group in the curable polymer, a sol comprising silica or metal oxide nanoparticles having a particle diameter in a range of from about 0.1 nm to about 100 nm, an organic titanate, and optionally at least one solvent or diluent. The resulting cured coating or paint provides good insulation, coverage, adhesion, toughness, and corrosion resistance.

A coating including one or more nano-materials and an organic material, the one or more nano-materials being present in a concentration of up to about 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating. A razor including one or more blades and a coating disposed on at least one of the one or more blades. The coating on the one or more blades of the razor including one or more nano-materials and an organic material, the one or more nano-materials being present in a concentration of up to about 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating.

A coating including one or more nano-materials and an organic material, the one or more nano-materials being present in a concentration of up to about 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating. A razor including one or more blades and a coating disposed on at least one of the one or more blades. The coating on the one or more blades of the razor including one or more nano-materials and an organic material, the one or more nano-materials being present in a concentration of up to about 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating.

The present invention relates to a flexible plastic film, and more specifically to a flexible plastic film having excellent flexibility while exhibiting high hardness. According to the present invention, the flexible plastic film exhibits flexibility, bending property, high hardness, scratch resistance and high transparency, and hardly has a risk of damaging the film even in a state of being warped for a long period of time, and thereby can be usefully applied to flexible mobile devices, display devices, front face and display unit of various instrument panels, and the like.

The aqueous protective coating composition is provided for easy application to refractory linings and walls. When dried, the protective coating composition provides excellent chemical resistance to molten aluminum alkali metals and vapors. The protective coating composition includes alumina and silica, suitably provided as mullite, calcined alumina, and colloidal silica; and a metallic non-wetting agent.