Boride particles represented by a general formula XB, (where X is at least one kind of metal element selected from Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Sr, Ca, and m is a number indicating an amount of boron in the general formula) are provided, wherein an amount of carbon included in the boride particles is 0.2% by mass or less, as measured by a combustion-infrared absorption method.

Provided is an organic-inorganic-hybrid thin film, which is provided in the form of a layered structure to prevent the scratching of the surface of a variety of kinds of displays, such as those of smartphones, tablet PCs, and laptop computers, and to fabricate ITO hard coating films, gas-barrier plates for flexible displays, and cover windows, and to a method of manufacturing the same, and more particularly, the organic-inorganic-hybrid thin film is provided in the form of a layered structure exhibiting the high light transmittance, mechanically flexible properties, lightweightness, and chemical resistance of a curable resin, and also ensuring the scratch resistance, heat dissipation performance, gas-barrier properties, and inherent refractive index matching of inorganic particles, thus exhibiting optical compensation effects, thereby increasing final surface hardness and satisfying barrier properties and index matching properties.

The present invention relates to a non-oriented electrical steel sheet adhesive coating composition including the constituent elements below, a non-oriented electrical steel sheet product, and a manufacturing method thereof. The non-oriented electrical steel sheet adhesive coating composition includes: a first component including an organic/inorganic composite; and a second component including a composite metal phosphate, wherein the organic/inorganic composite is formed by having inorganic nanoparticles chemically substituted with some functional groups in an organic resin, the organic resin is one, or two or more, selected from an epoxy-based resin, an ester-based resin, an acrylic resin, a styrene-based resin, a urethane-based resin, and an ethylene-based resin, and the inorganic nanoparticles are one, or two or more, selected from SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, TiO.sub.2, MgO, ZnO, and ZrO.sub.2.

A composition having pH of 5 or less comprises composite particles dispersed in an aqueous continuous liquid phase. Each composite particle comprises a polymer core surrounded by a silicaceous shell. From 3 to 50 percent of silicon atoms in the silicaceous shells are bonded to respective organic groups via a silicon-carbon covalent bond. The weight ratio of the total amount of the silica in the composition to the total amount of the at least one polymer is from 0.1 to 19. The composition is useful for making various articles. A method for making the composition is also disclosed. Silicaceous particles dispersed in an aqueous phase, wherein from 3 to 50 percent of silicon atoms in the silicaceous particles are bonded to organic groups via a silicon-carbon covalent bond are also disclosed.

A method of fabricating a hydrophobic coating on a surface of a solid substrate which includes a layer-integrable material includes the steps of depositing a deformable layer of the layer-integrable material onto the surface of the solid substrate, forcibly embedding a plurality of particles within the deformable layer, and solidifying the deformable layer including the plurality of particles so as to be integral with the surface of the solid substrate. At least a portion of the plurality of particles is embedded at a threshold depth within the deformable layer prior to solidification.

The present invention relates to an antireflection film including a low reflective index layer and a hard coating layer, the low reflective index layer including: a binder resin including a crosslinked polymer of a photo-polymerizable compound and polysilsesquioxane having at least one reactive functional group substituted thereon; and inorganic microparticles dispersed in the binder resin, wherein a ratio of internal haze (Hi) to total haze (Ha) is 97% or less and a variation in color coordinate value (b*) before and after alkaline treatment is 0.7 or less.

This invention pertains to a composition that can be used to heal cracks in plastics and other substrates. In the present invention, a composition comprising nanotubes, healing agent(s), and end caps for the nanotubes may be used to heal crack(s) as they begin to occur. With the composition, the healing agent(s) are contained within the nanotubes, and a reaction releases the healing agent(s) after the end caps can be removed from the nanotubes. This invention also includes a method of preparing a composition for healing cracks in plastics and other substrates. For this method, the healing agent(s) are filled inside of the nanotubes, and then end caps are bound onto the ends of the nanotubes. After a reaction occurs to remove the end caps and release the healing agent(s), the cracks within the substrate may then be healed.

Disclosed in certain embodiments is an ice-phobic coating formulation comprising an elastomer, filler particles, and a cryoprotectant.

A field-effect transistor and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The method includes depositing a first insulating layer on a substrate; forming a source electrode and a drain electrode on the first insulating layer; forming a carbon quantum dots active layer covering the source electrode and the drain electrode; and forming a second insulating layer and a gate electrode on the carbon quantum dots active layer sequentially. According to the above method, the present disclosure making the field-effect transistor active layer with carbon quantum dots as materials, which enriches the material of the field-effect transistor, reduces the environmental pollution in current technology by using metal dots film, and reduces the dependence on metal elements.

Provided in certain embodiments herein are gas controlled electrospray systems and processes for manufacturing depositions, such as thin layer films. In some embodiments, processes and systems provided herein are suitable for and configured to manufacture uniform depositions, such as having uniform thickness.