A process for forming a conductive hemp-based ink comprising carbonizing hemp and reducing the particle size of said hemp via a milling process to between 2 and 5 microns, wherein said reduced size hemp particles are combined with at least one aqueous carrier to produce an ink, and wherein said ink is conductive.

A copolymer of polytetrafluoroethylene and a perfluoro acid (e.g., Nafion™) is neutralized by a base to yield its corresponding salt, and a high-boiling-point compatible solvent is used as a substituting solvent, with the original, low-boiling-point solvent being removed by rotor evaporation. The resulting dispersion is screen printable, and its viscosity is controllable by adjusting its solids content. This screen-printable salt dispersion is especially useful in printed electronics applications such as sensors.

A copolymer of polytetrafluoroethylene and a perfluoro acid (e.g., Nafion™) is neutralized by a base to yield its corresponding salt, and a high-boiling-point compatible solvent is used as a substituting solvent, with the original, low-boiling-point solvent being removed by rotor evaporation. The resulting dispersion is screen printable, and its viscosity is controllable by adjusting its solids content. This screen-printable salt dispersion is especially useful in printed electronics applications such as sensors.

Provided are an aqueous ink for ink jet capable of recording an image having excellent abrasion resistance and glossiness and an ink cartridge and an ink jet recording method using the aqueous ink. Provided is an aqueous ink for ink jet including a coloring material and a plurality of resins (first resin and second resin) different from the coloring material. The first resin is a resin particle formed of a first polyester resin and the second resin is at least one of (i) a block copolymer containing an A block having no acid group and a B block having an acid group and (ii) a second polyester resin having a sulfonic acid group. Further, an ink cartridge using the aqueous ink and an ink jet recording method in which the aqueous ink is ejected from an ink jet recording head to record an image on a recording medium are provided.

Provided are an aqueous ink for ink jet capable of recording an image having excellent abrasion resistance and glossiness and an ink cartridge and an ink jet recording method using the aqueous ink. Provided is an aqueous ink for ink jet including a coloring material and a plurality of resins (first resin and second resin) different from the coloring material. The first resin is a resin particle formed of a first polyester resin and the second resin is at least one of (i) a block copolymer containing an A block having no acid group and a B block having an acid group and (ii) a second polyester resin having a sulfonic acid group. Further, an ink cartridge using the aqueous ink and an ink jet recording method in which the aqueous ink is ejected from an ink jet recording head to record an image on a recording medium are provided.

Provided is an ink including: a pigment-containing matter containing a pigment; an organic solvent; water; and a compound represented by General Formula (1) below. A difference (Ra−R.sub.0) is 2.0 or less, where Ra is a distance between a Hansen solubility parameter of the organic solvent and a Hansen solubility parameter of the pigment-containing matter determined by a Hansen solubility sphere method, and R.sub.0 is an interaction radius of the pigment-containing matter determined by the Hansen solubility sphere method.

##STR00001##

In the General Formula (1), R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 or more but 5 or less carbon atoms, and n represents an integer of 3 or more but 11 or less.

Provided is an ink including: a pigment-containing matter containing a pigment; an organic solvent; water; and a compound represented by General Formula (1) below. A difference (Ra−R.sub.0) is 2.0 or less, where Ra is a distance between a Hansen solubility parameter of the organic solvent and a Hansen solubility parameter of the pigment-containing matter determined by a Hansen solubility sphere method, and R.sub.0 is an interaction radius of the pigment-containing matter determined by the Hansen solubility sphere method.

##STR00001##

In the General Formula (1), R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 or more but 5 or less carbon atoms, and n represents an integer of 3 or more but 11 or less.

The present disclosure relates to the use of occluding fluids, such as a high-density fluid (a “z-fluid”) or a low-density fluid (an “a-fluid”), to displace resin within a vat during 3D printing. Further, an a-fluid may act as a protective boundary for a 3D printing resin wherein the a-fluid sits on top of the printing resin. Another embodiment of the disclosure provides a process of assessing which regions of a computer-aided design (CAD) model take advantage of a buoying force supplied by the occluding fluid, such that fewer support structures are needed for printing a final CAD model compared to printing the CAD model without the occluding fluid.

A scratch-off coating is provided which includes a first layer of ink comprised of a water-based ink; and a second layer of ink comprised of an ultraviolet-cured ink layered over said first layer of ink, wherein upon application of a scratching force said first layer of ink and said second layer of ink are removable from a surface on which said first layer of ink and said second layer of ink are applied.

A scratch-off coating is provided which includes a first layer of ink comprised of a water-based ink; and a second layer of ink comprised of an ultraviolet-cured ink layered over said first layer of ink, wherein upon application of a scratching force said first layer of ink and said second layer of ink are removable from a surface on which said first layer of ink and said second layer of ink are applied.