An ink jet recording method includes a treatment liquid attachment step, in which a treatment liquid is attached to a recording medium, and an ink attachment step, in which a water-based ink composition is attached to the recording medium. An ink jet recording apparatus includes a recording medium support and a heating mechanism that heats the recording medium support. The ink attachment step is carried out with the recording medium supported and heated by the recording medium support. In the ink attachment step, the recording medium is heated so that a surface thereof reaches a maximum temperature of 28.0° C. or more and 45.0° C. or less. The ratio between absorbances A and B (A/B) is 0.5 or more and 0.95 or less, where absorbance A is that of a 0.1% by mass mixture of the water-based ink composition in the treatment liquid, and absorbance B is that of a 0.1% by mass mixture of the water-based ink composition in purified water. The recording medium support has a flat support surface for supporting the recording medium.

Inks, paints, adhesives, and paint strippers may be formulated to include one or more surfactants, from one or more surfactant classes, such as siloxane derivatives of amino acids that have surface-active properties.

Inks, paints, adhesives, and paint strippers may be formulated to include one or more surfactants, from one or more surfactant classes, such as siloxane derivatives of amino acids that have surface-active properties.

An aqueous ink for an ink jet including a silver particle that contains (i) a first organic monocarboxylic acid having a pKa of 4.60 or more and (ii) a second organic monocarboxylic acid having a pKa of less than 4.60 and having a carbon number of 2 or less.

An aqueous ink for an ink jet including a silver particle that contains (i) a first organic monocarboxylic acid having a pKa of 4.60 or more and (ii) a second organic monocarboxylic acid having a pKa of less than 4.60 and having a carbon number of 2 or less.

An inkjet composition for an inkjet printer, a light-emitting device including the same, and a method of manufacturing the light-emitting device are provided. The ink composition may include light-emitting diodes and a solvent. The solvent may have a first viscosity at a first temperature section that may be greater than a second viscosity at a second temperature section. The solvent may include an ester compound of citric acid, glycol, alkanediol, alkanolamine, alkenic acid, alkenol, a pyrrolidone group-containing compound, glycerol, a compound represented by Formula 1, a compound represented by Formula 2, or any combination thereof:

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Substituents in Formula 1 and Formula 2 may be understood as described in connection with the detailed description. Each of the light-emitting diodes may have a size in a range of about 0.1 μm to about 10 μm.

An inkjet composition for an inkjet printer, a light-emitting device including the same, and a method of manufacturing the light-emitting device are provided. The ink composition may include light-emitting diodes and a solvent. The solvent may have a first viscosity at a first temperature section that may be greater than a second viscosity at a second temperature section. The solvent may include an ester compound of citric acid, glycol, alkanediol, alkanolamine, alkenic acid, alkenol, a pyrrolidone group-containing compound, glycerol, a compound represented by Formula 1, a compound represented by Formula 2, or any combination thereof:

##STR00001##

Substituents in Formula 1 and Formula 2 may be understood as described in connection with the detailed description. Each of the light-emitting diodes may have a size in a range of about 0.1 μm to about 10 μm.

The present disclosure relates to 2-dimensional MXenes surface-modified with catechol derivatives, a method for preparing the same, MXene organic ink including the same, and use thereof (e.g. flexible electrodes, conducive cohesive/adhesive materials, electromagnetic wave-shielding materials, flexible heaters, sensors, energy storage devices). Particularly, the simple, fast, and scalable surface-functionalization process of MXenes using catechol derivatives (e.g. ADOPA) organic ligands significantly improves the dispersion stability in various organic solvents (including ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone and acetonitrile) and produces highly concentrated organic liquid crystals of various MXenes (including Ti.sub.2CT.sub.x, Nb.sub.2CT.sub.x, V.sub.2CT.sub.x, Mo.sub.2CT.sub.x, Ti.sub.3C.sub.2T.sub.x, Ti.sub.3CNT.sub.x, Mo.sub.2TiC.sub.2T.sub.x, and Mo.sub.2Ti.sub.2C.sub.3T.sub.x). Such products offer excellent electrical conductivity, improved oxidation stability, excellent coating and adhesion abilities to various hydrophobic substrates, and composite processability with hydrophobic polymers. This finding will lead to further studies on the structures, properties, and physics of the organic MXene liquid crystals and their practical applications.

The present disclosure relates to 2-dimensional MXenes surface-modified with catechol derivatives, a method for preparing the same, MXene organic ink including the same, and use thereof (e.g. flexible electrodes, conducive cohesive/adhesive materials, electromagnetic wave-shielding materials, flexible heaters, sensors, energy storage devices). Particularly, the simple, fast, and scalable surface-functionalization process of MXenes using catechol derivatives (e.g. ADOPA) organic ligands significantly improves the dispersion stability in various organic solvents (including ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone and acetonitrile) and produces highly concentrated organic liquid crystals of various MXenes (including Ti.sub.2CT.sub.x, Nb.sub.2CT.sub.x, V.sub.2CT.sub.x, Mo.sub.2CT.sub.x, Ti.sub.3C.sub.2T.sub.x, Ti.sub.3CNT.sub.x, Mo.sub.2TiC.sub.2T.sub.x, and Mo.sub.2Ti.sub.2C.sub.3T.sub.x). Such products offer excellent electrical conductivity, improved oxidation stability, excellent coating and adhesion abilities to various hydrophobic substrates, and composite processability with hydrophobic polymers. This finding will lead to further studies on the structures, properties, and physics of the organic MXene liquid crystals and their practical applications.

The present application pertains to dispersions comprising oxidized, discrete carbon nanotubes and high-surface area carbon nanotubes. The oxidized, discrete carbon nanotubes comprise an interior and exterior surface, each surface comprising an interior surface oxidized species content and an exterior surface oxidized species content. The interior surface oxidized species content differs from the exterior surface oxidized species content by at least 20%, and as high as 100%. The high-surface area nanotubes are generally single-wall nanotubes. The BET surface area of the high-surface area nanotubes is from about 550 m.sup.2/g to about 1500 m.sup.2/g according to ASTM D6556-16. The aspect ratio is at least about 500 up to about 6000. The dispersions comprise from about 0.1 to about 30% by weight nanotubes based on the total weight of the dispersion.