An example of a dispersion includes cesium tungsten oxide nanoparticles, a zwitterionic stabilizer, and a balance of water. An example of a jettable composition includes cesium tungsten oxide nanoparticles, a zwitterionic stabilizer, a surfactant, a co-solvent, and a balance of water. A method for improving the stabilization of a jettable composition includes incorporating a zwitterionic stabilizer in the jettable composition, which includes the cesium tungsten oxide nanoparticles, the surfactant, the co-solvent, and the balance of water.

A film forming method includes forming a film on a substrate, in which the film includes first regions, second regions, and third regions, the first regions, the second regions, and the third regions being defined by a refractive index and a region size and being present in a mixed manner in a cross section parallel to a thickness direction, the first regions and the second regions have a refractive index at least 0.4 higher than the third regions, the second regions are formed of high-refractive-index particles having an average particle size of 10 nm or more and 100 nm or less, the first regions are formed of the high-refractive-index particles that have been aggregated, the first regions having an equivalent circular diameter of 250 nm or more, and the third regions have an equivalent circular diameter of more than 100 nm.

A film forming method includes forming a film on a substrate, in which the film includes first regions, second regions, and third regions, the first regions, the second regions, and the third regions being defined by a refractive index and a region size and being present in a mixed manner in a cross section parallel to a thickness direction, the first regions and the second regions have a refractive index at least 0.4 higher than the third regions, the second regions are formed of high-refractive-index particles having an average particle size of 10 nm or more and 100 nm or less, the first regions are formed of the high-refractive-index particles that have been aggregated, the first regions having an equivalent circular diameter of 250 nm or more, and the third regions have an equivalent circular diameter of more than 100 nm.

An object of the present invention is to provide an organic semiconductor composition, which makes it possible to obtain an organic semiconductor film having high mobility and being excellent in film uniformity and heat resistance, and a method for manufacturing an organic semiconductor element.

The organic semiconductor composition of the present invention contains an organic semiconductor as Component A and an organic solvent, which is represented by Formula B-1 and has a melting point of equal to or lower than 25° C. and a boiling point of equal to or higher than 150° C. and equal to or lower than 280° C., as Component B, in which an ionization potential of Component A is equal to or higher than 5.1 eV. In the formula, X represents O, S, S═O, O═S═O, or NR, Y.sub.1 to Y.sub.4 each independently represent NR.sub.1 or CR.sub.10R.sub.11, R, R.sub.1, R.sub.10, and R.sub.11 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and n represents 1 or 2.

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An object of the present invention is to provide an organic semiconductor composition, which makes it possible to obtain an organic semiconductor film having high mobility and being excellent in film uniformity and heat resistance, and a method for manufacturing an organic semiconductor element.

The organic semiconductor composition of the present invention contains an organic semiconductor as Component A and an organic solvent, which is represented by Formula B-1 and has a melting point of equal to or lower than 25° C. and a boiling point of equal to or higher than 150° C. and equal to or lower than 280° C., as Component B, in which an ionization potential of Component A is equal to or higher than 5.1 eV. In the formula, X represents O, S, S═O, O═S═O, or NR, Y.sub.1 to Y.sub.4 each independently represent NR.sub.1 or CR.sub.10R.sub.11, R, R.sub.1, R.sub.10, and R.sub.11 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and n represents 1 or 2.

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The present invention relates to polymerizable liquid crystalline formulations and especially to an ink formulation for inkjet printing comprising 10 to 50% w/w of one or more polymerizable liquid crystalline compounds and 50 to 90% w/w of one or more organic solvents selected from the group of aliphatic ketones, cyclic ketones, alkyl ethers of ethylene glycol or propylene glycol, alkyl esters of menthyl or aromatic solvents.

The present invention relates to polymerizable liquid crystalline formulations and especially to an ink formulation for inkjet printing comprising 10 to 50% w/w of one or more polymerizable liquid crystalline compounds and 50 to 90% w/w of one or more organic solvents selected from the group of aliphatic ketones, cyclic ketones, alkyl ethers of ethylene glycol or propylene glycol, alkyl esters of menthyl or aromatic solvents.

A conductive ink jet printing ink composition is provided comprising the following components: (a) 60-84.5 wt.-% of an organic solvent or a mixture of organic solvents, (b) 0.5-5 wt.-% of a binder, wherein the binder comprises ethyl cellulose in an amount of a range of 85 to 100 wt.-%, based on the total amount of the binder, (c) 15-25 wt.-% of silver particles having a d50-value in a range of 130 nm to 800 nm, (d) optionally antioxidizing agents, (e) optionally a dispersing agent for the silver particles different from binder (b), wherein all amounts are referred to the total amount of the ink jet printing ink composition, if not defined otherwise.

A conductive ink jet printing ink composition is provided comprising the following components: (a) 60-84.5 wt.-% of an organic solvent or a mixture of organic solvents, (b) 0.5-5 wt.-% of a binder, wherein the binder comprises ethyl cellulose in an amount of a range of 85 to 100 wt.-%, based on the total amount of the binder, (c) 15-25 wt.-% of silver particles having a d50-value in a range of 130 nm to 800 nm, (d) optionally antioxidizing agents, (e) optionally a dispersing agent for the silver particles different from binder (b), wherein all amounts are referred to the total amount of the ink jet printing ink composition, if not defined otherwise.

Aqueous inkjet compositions comprising a composite resin vehicle wherein at least one component of the composite resin vehicle is a polyurethane dispersion (PUD) preferably with a glass transition temperature (Tg) of less than 80° C., and the other component is an acrylic resin dispersion preferably with a Tg of greater than 40° C. or a metal oxide nanoparticle dispersion such as colloidal silica with a particle size of less than 100 nm.