A printing method includes: a processing fluid applying step of applying a processing fluid containing silica and a multivalent metal salt to a print medium; and an ink applying step of applying an ink containing a coloring material and water to the print medium. The print medium has a Cobb water absorption of 20 g/m.sup.2 or greater but 75 g/m.sup.2 or less when contacted with water for 120 seconds. The Cobb water absorption is stipulated by JIS-P8140.

An inkjet ink includes an aqueous medium, composite particles, and a cross-linking agent. The composite particles are emulsified particles of a composite of a polyester resin and a disperse dye. The polyester resin includes at least one repeating unit derived from a polyhydric alcohol and at least one repeating unit derived from a polybasic carboxylic acid. The polyester resin is non-crystalline. The polyester resin has a glass transition point of at least 45° C. and no higher than 75° C. The polyester resin has an acid value of at least 10 mgKOH/g and no greater than 70 mgKOH/g. The polyester resin has a hydroxyl value of at least 20 mgKOH/g and no greater than 60 mgKOH/g. The cross-linking agent includes a blocked isocyanate.

An inkjet ink includes an aqueous medium, composite particles, and a cross-linking agent. The composite particles are emulsified particles of a composite of a polyester resin and a disperse dye. The polyester resin includes at least one repeating unit derived from a polyhydric alcohol and at least one repeating unit derived from a polybasic carboxylic acid. The polyester resin is non-crystalline. The polyester resin has a glass transition point of at least 45° C. and no higher than 75° C. The polyester resin has an acid value of at least 10 mgKOH/g and no greater than 70 mgKOH/g. The polyester resin has a hydroxyl value of at least 20 mgKOH/g and no greater than 60 mgKOH/g. The cross-linking agent includes a blocked isocyanate.

Provided is a processing fluid including: water; a flocculant; and a urethane resin. A dry film formed of the processing fluid and having an average thickness of 500 micrometers has a tensile strength of 3.5 MPa or greater and a breaking elongation of 80% or greater.

Provided is a processing fluid including: water; a flocculant; and a urethane resin. A dry film formed of the processing fluid and having an average thickness of 500 micrometers has a tensile strength of 3.5 MPa or greater and a breaking elongation of 80% or greater.

An ink composition for a light-emitting device includes: a phosphine oxide-based charge transport organic material; a first solvent represented by Formula 1; and a second solvent represented by Formula 2:

HOR.sub.1(O).sub.mR.sub.2OH  Formula 1

(HO).sub.aR.sub.11O(R.sub.12O).sub.nR.sub.13(OH).sub.b.  Formula 2

An ink composition for a light-emitting device includes: a phosphine oxide-based charge transport organic material; a first solvent represented by Formula 1; and a second solvent represented by Formula 2:

HOR.sub.1(O).sub.mR.sub.2OH  Formula 1

(HO).sub.aR.sub.11O(R.sub.12O).sub.nR.sub.13(OH).sub.b.  Formula 2

A pretreatment liquid for a fabric used for transfer textile printing, includes a solvent having an organic/inorganic value (I/O value) of 1.0 to 3.0, and has a surface tension of less than 38 mN/m at 25° C.

A pretreatment liquid for a fabric used for transfer textile printing, includes a solvent having an organic/inorganic value (I/O value) of 1.0 to 3.0, and has a surface tension of less than 38 mN/m at 25° C.

A ceramic ink for inkjet printing, comprising: one or more inorganic pigments, distilled, double-distilled or demineralized water, one or more polar organic solvents, one or more dispersants, one or more antifoaming surfactants and optionally one or more preservatives/bactericidal agents, in defined quantities.