The present invention provides a silver paste containing at least a silver powder, a binder resin, and an organic solvent, wherein the silver powder contains a first silver powder having a D50 of 3.50 to 7.50 μm and a second silver powder having a D50 of 0.80 to 2.00 μm, where D50 represents a 50% value of a volume-based cumulative fraction obtained by laser diffraction particle size distribution measurement; a copper content of the whole silver powder is 10 to 5000 ppm by mass; a copper content of the second silver powder is 80 ppm by mass or more; and the first silver powder contains substantially no copper. The present invention provides a silver paste containing a powder in a high concentration and excellent in printability, and provides a silver conductor film that has a high filling factor, a high film density, high electrical conductivity, and excellent migration resistance.

3D printable ink compositions for forming objects, films and coatings are provided. Also provided are methods of printing the ink compositions and methods for making the ink compositions. The ink compositions include an elastic polymer binder and may have high loadings of solid particles.

3D printable ink compositions for forming objects, films and coatings are provided. Also provided are methods of printing the ink compositions and methods for making the ink compositions. The ink compositions include an elastic polymer binder and may have high loadings of solid particles.

The invention provides a process for producing a printed article wherein a deposit liquid is provided to a substrate together with a carrier liquid. Also provided is a printed article obtained or obtainable by the process of the invention, such as a printed article. The invention further provides an apparatus suitable for carrying out the process of the invention, comprising devices configured to provide a flow of each of the deposit liquid and carrier liquid to a substrate, a flow channel for carrying each of the said liquids and an aperture through which at least the deposit liquid must pass. In some embodiments, the process of the invention is performed using the apparatus of the invention. The invention therefore also provides the use of the apparatus of the invention to perform the process of the invention.

A combination of: a) piezoelectric through-flow print heads having nozzles with an outer nozzle surface area NS smaller than 500 pm2; and b) aqueous inkjet inks from an aqueous inkjet ink set for manufacturing decorative panels, wherein the aqueous inkjet ink set comprises specific cyan, red, yellow and black aqueous inkjet inks containing water in an amount of A wt % defined by Formula (I): 100 wt %−sqrt(NS)×3.8 wt %/μm≤A wt %≤100 wt %−sqrt(NS)×2.2 wt %/μm wherein the wt % is based on the total weight of the aqueous inkjet ink; wherein sqrt(NS) represents the square root of the outer nozzle surface area NS; and wherein A wt %≥40 wt %.

A combination of: a) piezoelectric through-flow print heads having nozzles with an outer nozzle surface area NS smaller than 500 pm2; and b) aqueous inkjet inks from an aqueous inkjet ink set for manufacturing decorative panels, wherein the aqueous inkjet ink set comprises specific cyan, red, yellow and black aqueous inkjet inks containing water in an amount of A wt % defined by Formula (I): 100 wt %−sqrt(NS)×3.8 wt %/μm≤A wt %≤100 wt %−sqrt(NS)×2.2 wt %/μm wherein the wt % is based on the total weight of the aqueous inkjet ink; wherein sqrt(NS) represents the square root of the outer nozzle surface area NS; and wherein A wt %≥40 wt %.

Printing process in which a substrate to be printed is disposed opposite an ink carrier having an ink layer, the ink layer being irradiated regionally by a laser beam, said layer accelerating by absorption of the laser beam in the substrate direction, wherein for laser absorption the ink layer comprises reflective particles, a solvent, and a soluble polymer, wherein the reflective particles have an aspect ratio>25, the aspect ratio being defined as the average particle size/average particle thickness.

The present invention relates to a method for determining the composition of a multi-layer system showing a predetermined colour flip-flop effect, wherein the multi-layer system comprises from bottom to top a) a substrate, b) at least one first colour layer containing a colourant, which is arranged on the substrate a), c) on the at least one first colour layer an effect layer containing at least one platelet-shaped effect pigment, and d) on the effect layer c) at least one second colour layer containing a colourant, wherein each of the at least one first colour layer and of the at least one second colour layer contains a colourant being no platelet-shaped effect pigment, wherein the method comprises the following steps: i) specifying a first target value for the colour shade and/or colour brightness of the top side of the multi-layer system seen at a first observation angle, ii) specifying a second target value for the colour shade and/or colour brightness of the top side of the multi-layer system seen at a second observation angle, wherein the second observation angle is different from the first observation angle, and wherein the second target value is different from the first target value, iii) specifying a colourant system comprising at least one colourant and further comprising one effect pigment layer recipe being suitable for forming the effect layer c), iv) providing at least one empirical model of the relationship between the colour shades and/or colour brightness at least two different observation angles comprising at least the first observation angle and the second observation angle specified in step ii) of the top side of a first number of multi-layer systems, at least 90% of which comprising at least one first colour layer b) having at least one colourant as specified in step iii), at least one second colour layer d) having at least one colourant as specified in step iii) and an effect layer c) made of the effect pigment layer recipe specified in step iii), and v) determining—making use of the at least one empirical model provided in step iv)—the composition of a multi-layer system (10) having within a predetermined tolerance the first target value specified in step i) and the second target value specified in step ii), or, if none is found, specifying a new tolerance for the first target value specified in step i) and/or the second target value specified in step ii), or specifying in steps i) and ii) a new first target value and/or new the second target value, or repeating the method by specifying in step iii) a different colourant system, which preferably covers more different colourants than the colourant system used before, wherei

The present invention relates to a method for determining the composition of a multi-layer system showing a predetermined colour flip-flop effect, wherein the multi-layer system comprises from bottom to top a) a substrate, b) at least one first colour layer containing a colourant, which is arranged on the substrate a), c) on the at least one first colour layer an effect layer containing at least one platelet-shaped effect pigment, and d) on the effect layer c) at least one second colour layer containing a colourant, wherein each of the at least one first colour layer and of the at least one second colour layer contains a colourant being no platelet-shaped effect pigment, wherein the method comprises the following steps: i) specifying a first target value for the colour shade and/or colour brightness of the top side of the multi-layer system seen at a first observation angle, ii) specifying a second target value for the colour shade and/or colour brightness of the top side of the multi-layer system seen at a second observation angle, wherein the second observation angle is different from the first observation angle, and wherein the second target value is different from the first target value, iii) specifying a colourant system comprising at least one colourant and further comprising one effect pigment layer recipe being suitable for forming the effect layer c), iv) providing at least one empirical model of the relationship between the colour shades and/or colour brightness at least two different observation angles comprising at least the first observation angle and the second observation angle specified in step ii) of the top side of a first number of multi-layer systems, at least 90% of which comprising at least one first colour layer b) having at least one colourant as specified in step iii), at least one second colour layer d) having at least one colourant as specified in step iii) and an effect layer c) made of the effect pigment layer recipe specified in step iii), and v) determining—making use of the at least one empirical model provided in step iv)—the composition of a multi-layer system (10) having within a predetermined tolerance the first target value specified in step i) and the second target value specified in step ii), or, if none is found, specifying a new tolerance for the first target value specified in step i) and/or the second target value specified in step ii), or specifying in steps i) and ii) a new first target value and/or new the second target value, or repeating the method by specifying in step iii) a different colourant system, which preferably covers more different colourants than the colourant system used before, wherei

A light diffusing ink for printing on transparent substrates suitable for being integrated with devices for lighting said substrate from the edge, in order to print drawings, graphics, letters on said substrate and also to realize a full-field background whose thickness varies as a function of users' requirements on the surface of said substrate. The coating printed on said substrate is consequently only visible whenever said substrate is lit laterally, whereas it is not visible in the absence of a lateral light.