A printing method is provided. The printing method includes applying a treatment liquid containing a flocculant operable to flocculate at least one constituent of an ink composition onto a printing medium, and applying at least one ink composition including a white ink composition containing a white coloring material and resin particles onto the printing medium. The volume average particle size of the resin particles varies 50% or less when the white ink composition is mixed with the treatment liquid.

A printing method is provided. The printing method includes applying a treatment liquid containing a flocculant operable to flocculate at least one constituent of an ink composition onto a printing medium, and applying at least one ink composition including a white ink composition containing a white coloring material and resin particles onto the printing medium. The volume average particle size of the resin particles varies 50% or less when the white ink composition is mixed with the treatment liquid.

Described herein is an ink solution, comprising: i. a composition having the formula ABX.sub.3; ii. a compound having the formula NH.sub.2—R.sub.1—NH.sub.2; and iii. a solvent. Methods for producing polycrystalline perovskite films using the ink solutions described herein in a fast blading process and the use of the films in photoactive and photovoltaic applications are additionally described.

An ink includes water, a compound represented by the following Chemical formula 1, Pigment Red 269 represented by the following Chemical formula 2, and alkylene glycol alkyl ether, wherein the proportion of the compound represented by the following Chemical formula 1 in a total amount of the Pigment Red 269 is 2 or less percent by mass. ##STR00001##

An ink includes water, a compound represented by the following Chemical formula 1, Pigment Red 269 represented by the following Chemical formula 2, and alkylene glycol alkyl ether, wherein the proportion of the compound represented by the following Chemical formula 1 in a total amount of the Pigment Red 269 is 2 or less percent by mass. ##STR00001##

There is a compound represented by the following formula (I):

##STR00001##

in which R1 and R2, identical or different, represent a C.sub.2-C.sub.30 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.30 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.30 alkynyl group, or a C.sub.2-C.sub.30 alkoxy group, the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or alkoxy groups being optionally substituted with at least one hydroxy, halogen, amino, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl, or C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkoxy group, as a temperature change regulating agent in a thermochromic ink composition. There also are thermochromic pigment microcapsules having a compound of formula (I) according to the disclosure, to ink compositions having such thermochromic pigment microcapsules, and to writing instruments comprising such ink compositions.

A method for synthesizing a copper-silver alloy includes an ink preparation step, a coating step, a crystal nucleus formation step and a crystal nucleus synthesis step. In the ink preparation step, a copper salt particle, an amine-based solvent, and a silver salt particle are mixed, thereby preparing a copper-silver ink. In the coating step, a member to be coated is coated with the copper-silver ink. In the crystal nucleus formation step, at least one of a crystal nucleus of copper having a crystal grain diameter of 0.2 μm or less and a crystal nucleus of silver having a crystal grain diameter of 0.2 μm or less is formed from the copper-silver ink. In the crystal nucleus synthesis step, the crystal nucleus of copper and the crystal nucleus of silver are synthesized.

A method for synthesizing a copper-silver alloy includes an ink preparation step, a coating step, a crystal nucleus formation step and a crystal nucleus synthesis step. In the ink preparation step, a copper salt particle, an amine-based solvent, and a silver salt particle are mixed, thereby preparing a copper-silver ink. In the coating step, a member to be coated is coated with the copper-silver ink. In the crystal nucleus formation step, at least one of a crystal nucleus of copper having a crystal grain diameter of 0.2 μm or less and a crystal nucleus of silver having a crystal grain diameter of 0.2 μm or less is formed from the copper-silver ink. In the crystal nucleus synthesis step, the crystal nucleus of copper and the crystal nucleus of silver are synthesized.

The disclosure relates to systems and methods for photonic sintering of conductive ink compositions with metal nanoparticles. Specifically, the disclosure relates to methods and systems for sintering ink compositions with metal nanoparticles using an illumination source comprising an array of pulsed light emitting diodes (LEDs).

The disclosure relates to systems and methods for photonic sintering of conductive ink compositions with metal nanoparticles. Specifically, the disclosure relates to methods and systems for sintering ink compositions with metal nanoparticles using an illumination source comprising an array of pulsed light emitting diodes (LEDs).