Novel reaction media for electron donating and electron accepting components in colour-change compositions are described. The compound is of formula (I):

##STR00001## wherein R.sub.1, and R.sub.2 are selected from a linear or branched alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkoxy group, aryl group and an alkylene aryl group having from 6 to 22 carbon atoms; X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are selected from —OC(O)-, —CO.sub.2- and O; R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are selected from hydrogen and an linear or branched alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, alkenyl group, alkoxy group, aryl and alkylene aryl group; R.sub.6 is selected from hydrogen, R.sub.3, —X.sub.1R.sub.1 and aryl and halogen; Y.sub.1 Y.sub.2 Y.sub.3 and Y.sub.4 are selected from hydrogen, R.sub.3, —OR.sub.3 and halogen; a is 0 to 4; b is 0 or 1; x and y are independently is 0 or 1 provided that where x and y are 0, a is 0 and b is 1 and R.sub.6 is —CO.sub.2R.sub.1; and wherein when a is 0 and b is 1 and R.sub.5 or R.sub.6 is phenyl, R.sub.6 and R.sub.5 respectively are not hydrogen or C.sub.1-7 alkyl. The compounds are useful in ink compositions, writing implements containing the compound and medical and industrial applications in which temperature sensitive colour change may be required.

3D printable ink compositions for forming objects, films and coatings are provided. Also provided are methods of printing the ink compositions and methods for making the ink compositions. The ink compositions include an elastic polymer binder and may have high loadings of solid particles.

3D printable ink compositions for forming objects, films and coatings are provided. Also provided are methods of printing the ink compositions and methods for making the ink compositions. The ink compositions include an elastic polymer binder and may have high loadings of solid particles.

The present invention relates to a perylene bisimide compound of formula (I) ##STR00001##
or a mixture thereof. The present invention also relates to the use of the compound in color converters, to the color converters and their use, and to lighting devices containing at least one LED and at least one of the color converters. The present invention also relates to a printing ink formulation for security printing containing at least one of the phenoxy-substituted perylene bisimide compounds.

The present invention relates to a perylene bisimide compound of formula (I) ##STR00001##
or a mixture thereof. The present invention also relates to the use of the compound in color converters, to the color converters and their use, and to lighting devices containing at least one LED and at least one of the color converters. The present invention also relates to a printing ink formulation for security printing containing at least one of the phenoxy-substituted perylene bisimide compounds.

A combination of: a) piezoelectric through-flow print heads having nozzles with an outer nozzle surface area NS smaller than 500 pm2; and b) aqueous inkjet inks from an aqueous inkjet ink set for manufacturing decorative panels, wherein the aqueous inkjet ink set comprises specific cyan, red, yellow and black aqueous inkjet inks containing water in an amount of A wt % defined by Formula (I): 100 wt %−sqrt(NS)×3.8 wt %/μm≤A wt %≤100 wt %−sqrt(NS)×2.2 wt %/μm wherein the wt % is based on the total weight of the aqueous inkjet ink; wherein sqrt(NS) represents the square root of the outer nozzle surface area NS; and wherein A wt %≥40 wt %.

A combination of: a) piezoelectric through-flow print heads having nozzles with an outer nozzle surface area NS smaller than 500 pm2; and b) aqueous inkjet inks from an aqueous inkjet ink set for manufacturing decorative panels, wherein the aqueous inkjet ink set comprises specific cyan, red, yellow and black aqueous inkjet inks containing water in an amount of A wt % defined by Formula (I): 100 wt %−sqrt(NS)×3.8 wt %/μm≤A wt %≤100 wt %−sqrt(NS)×2.2 wt %/μm wherein the wt % is based on the total weight of the aqueous inkjet ink; wherein sqrt(NS) represents the square root of the outer nozzle surface area NS; and wherein A wt %≥40 wt %.

Printing process in which a substrate to be printed is disposed opposite an ink carrier having an ink layer, the ink layer being irradiated regionally by a laser beam, said layer accelerating by absorption of the laser beam in the substrate direction, wherein for laser absorption the ink layer comprises reflective particles, a solvent, and a soluble polymer, wherein the reflective particles have an aspect ratio>25, the aspect ratio being defined as the average particle size/average particle thickness.

Described herein are polymer-encapsulated materials and a method for encapsulating materials with polymer via emulsion polymerization. The encapsulated materials include colorants (e.g., pigments and dyes, and in particular fluorescent dyes), optical brighteners, downconverters and upconverters. The encapsulated materials are produced by the emulsion polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers. The polymer-encapsulation method described herein does not require the preparation of a miniemulsion homogenized with special equipment, such as an ultrasonification device, and the resulting polymer-encapsulated materials exhibit optical properties superior to polymer-encapsulated materials prepared by processes that include the preparation of a miniemulsion prepared with such special equipment, such as an ultrasonification device.

The present invention relates to a method for determining the composition of a multi-layer system showing a predetermined colour flip-flop effect, wherein the multi-layer system comprises from bottom to top a) a substrate, b) at least one first colour layer containing a colourant, which is arranged on the substrate a), c) on the at least one first colour layer an effect layer containing at least one platelet-shaped effect pigment, and d) on the effect layer c) at least one second colour layer containing a colourant, wherein each of the at least one first colour layer and of the at least one second colour layer contains a colourant being no platelet-shaped effect pigment, wherein the method comprises the following steps: i) specifying a first target value for the colour shade and/or colour brightness of the top side of the multi-layer system seen at a first observation angle, ii) specifying a second target value for the colour shade and/or colour brightness of the top side of the multi-layer system seen at a second observation angle, wherein the second observation angle is different from the first observation angle, and wherein the second target value is different from the first target value, iii) specifying a colourant system comprising at least one colourant and further comprising one effect pigment layer recipe being suitable for forming the effect layer c), iv) providing at least one empirical model of the relationship between the colour shades and/or colour brightness at least two different observation angles comprising at least the first observation angle and the second observation angle specified in step ii) of the top side of a first number of multi-layer systems, at least 90% of which comprising at least one first colour layer b) having at least one colourant as specified in step iii), at least one second colour layer d) having at least one colourant as specified in step iii) and an effect layer c) made of the effect pigment layer recipe specified in step iii), and v) determining—making use of the at least one empirical model provided in step iv)—the composition of a multi-layer system (10) having within a predetermined tolerance the first target value specified in step i) and the second target value specified in step ii), or, if none is found, specifying a new tolerance for the first target value specified in step i) and/or the second target value specified in step ii), or specifying in steps i) and ii) a new first target value and/or new the second target value, or repeating the method by specifying in step iii) a different colourant system, which preferably covers more different colourants than the colourant system used before, wherei