The present invention relates to a method for determining the composition of a multi-layer system showing a predetermined colour flip-flop effect, wherein the multi-layer system comprises from bottom to top a) a substrate, b) at least one first colour layer containing a colourant, which is arranged on the substrate a), c) on the at least one first colour layer an effect layer containing at least one platelet-shaped effect pigment, and d) on the effect layer c) at least one second colour layer containing a colourant, wherein each of the at least one first colour layer and of the at least one second colour layer contains a colourant being no platelet-shaped effect pigment, wherein the method comprises the following steps: i) specifying a first target value for the colour shade and/or colour brightness of the top side of the multi-layer system seen at a first observation angle, ii) specifying a second target value for the colour shade and/or colour brightness of the top side of the multi-layer system seen at a second observation angle, wherein the second observation angle is different from the first observation angle, and wherein the second target value is different from the first target value, iii) specifying a colourant system comprising at least one colourant and further comprising one effect pigment layer recipe being suitable for forming the effect layer c), iv) providing at least one empirical model of the relationship between the colour shades and/or colour brightness at least two different observation angles comprising at least the first observation angle and the second observation angle specified in step ii) of the top side of a first number of multi-layer systems, at least 90% of which comprising at least one first colour layer b) having at least one colourant as specified in step iii), at least one second colour layer d) having at least one colourant as specified in step iii) and an effect layer c) made of the effect pigment layer recipe specified in step iii), and v) determining—making use of the at least one empirical model provided in step iv)—the composition of a multi-layer system (10) having within a predetermined tolerance the first target value specified in step i) and the second target value specified in step ii), or, if none is found, specifying a new tolerance for the first target value specified in step i) and/or the second target value specified in step ii), or specifying in steps i) and ii) a new first target value and/or new the second target value, or repeating the method by specifying in step iii) a different colourant system, which preferably covers more different colourants than the colourant system used before, wherei

A method of preparing a conductive silver pattern on a substrate comprising the step of: —applying a silver ink on the substrate to form a silver pattern, and —sintering the applied silver pattern, characterized in that the silver ink comprises a compound which decomposes exothermally during sintering.

A method of preparing a conductive silver pattern on a substrate comprising the step of: —applying a silver ink on the substrate to form a silver pattern, and —sintering the applied silver pattern, characterized in that the silver ink comprises a compound which decomposes exothermally during sintering.

A light diffusing ink for printing on transparent substrates suitable for being integrated with devices for lighting said substrate from the edge, in order to print drawings, graphics, letters on said substrate and also to realize a full-field background whose thickness varies as a function of users' requirements on the surface of said substrate. The coating printed on said substrate is consequently only visible whenever said substrate is lit laterally, whereas it is not visible in the absence of a lateral light.

A light diffusing ink for printing on transparent substrates suitable for being integrated with devices for lighting said substrate from the edge, in order to print drawings, graphics, letters on said substrate and also to realize a full-field background whose thickness varies as a function of users' requirements on the surface of said substrate. The coating printed on said substrate is consequently only visible whenever said substrate is lit laterally, whereas it is not visible in the absence of a lateral light.

To provide is a manufacturing method for obtaining printed material in which, in lithographic printing, a printed part where multiple colors are superimposed on each other has a high gloss, and also a lithographic printing ink set. The method for manufacturing printed material according to the present invention includes a step of coating at least black ink for lithographic printing, cyan ink for lithographic printing, magenta ink for lithographic printing, and yellow ink for lithographic printing on a substrate, in which a difference in surface tension between the inks to be coated on a substrate is at most equal to 3.5 mN/m. The lithographic printing ink set according to the present invention is a lithographic printing ink set including at least black ink, cyan ink, magenta ink, and yellow ink, in which a difference in surface tension between the inks included in the lithographic printing ink set is at most equal to 3.5 mN/m.

To provide is a manufacturing method for obtaining printed material in which, in lithographic printing, a printed part where multiple colors are superimposed on each other has a high gloss, and also a lithographic printing ink set. The method for manufacturing printed material according to the present invention includes a step of coating at least black ink for lithographic printing, cyan ink for lithographic printing, magenta ink for lithographic printing, and yellow ink for lithographic printing on a substrate, in which a difference in surface tension between the inks to be coated on a substrate is at most equal to 3.5 mN/m. The lithographic printing ink set according to the present invention is a lithographic printing ink set including at least black ink, cyan ink, magenta ink, and yellow ink, in which a difference in surface tension between the inks included in the lithographic printing ink set is at most equal to 3.5 mN/m.

A composite, comprising a substrate with two surfaces, and a dried or cured coating over at least a portion of one surface of the substrate, where the coating comprises a mixture of a polymeric binder and particles comprising at least one of: colored particles, reflective particles, and diffractive particles.

A composite, comprising a substrate with two surfaces, and a dried or cured coating over at least a portion of one surface of the substrate, where the coating comprises a mixture of a polymeric binder and particles comprising at least one of: colored particles, reflective particles, and diffractive particles.

An example of a dispersion includes cesium tungsten oxide nanoparticles, a zwitterionic stabilizer, and a balance of water. An example of a jettable composition includes cesium tungsten oxide nanoparticles, a zwitterionic stabilizer, a surfactant, a co-solvent, and a balance of water. A method for improving the stabilization of a jettable composition includes incorporating a zwitterionic stabilizer in the jettable composition, which includes the cesium tungsten oxide nanoparticles, the surfactant, the co-solvent, and the balance of water.