A method for producing a three-dimensional shaped article by stacking a plurality of layers is provided, and is characterized in that a series of steps including a layer forming step of forming the layer using a composition containing a plurality of particles, and a joining step of joining the particles contained in the layer to one another by irradiating the layer with a laser beam is repeatedly performed, an average particle diameter of the particles is represented by D.sub.50 and a thickness of the layer formed in the layer forming step is represented by D.sub.s, a relation of D.sub.s/D.sub.50<5.0 is satisfied, and an arithmetic average height Sa of a surface of the layer in a state where the particles are joined to one another by the joining step is 15 μm or less.

The development of stretchable, mechanically and electrically robust interconnects by printing an elastic, silver-based composite ink onto stretchable fabric. Such interconnects can have conductivity of 3000-4000 S/cm and are durable under cyclic stretching. In serpentine shape, the fabric-based conductor is enhanced in electrical durability. Resistance increases only ˜5 times when cyclically stretched over a thousand times from zero to 30% strain at a rate of 4% strain per second due to the ink permeating the textile structure. The textile fibers are ‘wetted’ with composite ink to form a conductive, stretchable cladding of the silver particles. The e-textile can realize a fully printed, double-sided electronic system of sensor-textile-interconnect integration. The double-sided e-textile can be used for a surface electromyography (sEMG) system to monitor muscles activities, an electroencephalography (EEG) system to record brain waves, and the like.

A biodegradable and biocompatible three dimensional construct comprising a combination of a nano silicate (e.g., laponite) and two different polymers, the two polymers each individually providing at least one covalently linked polymer chain and at least one ionically linked polymer chain, the polymeric chains forming a dual strengthening intertwined polymeric system. The constructs demonstrate improved mechanical and strength properties, while the bioinks provide a material having superior printability characteristics suitable for printing a three dimensional biodegradable construct having an aspect ratio of greater than 2.0. The bioink may also comprise cells or combinations of cells. Methods of using the constructs and bioinks for wound healing preparations and tissue regeneration are also provided.

A nanoparticle used in 3D printing is disclosed herein. In an example, the nanoparticle can comprise: at least one metal oxide, which absorbs infrared light in a range of from about 780 nm to about 2300 nm and is shown in formula (1):
M.sub.mM′O.sub.n  (1)
wherein M is an alkali metal, m is greater than 0 and less than 1, M′ is any metal, and n is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 4; and a bilayer-forming surfactant encapsulating at least a portion of the metal oxide, wherein the nanoparticle has a diameter of from about 0.1 nm to about 500 nm.

A nanoparticle used in 3D printing is disclosed herein. In an example, the nanoparticle can comprise: at least one metal oxide, which absorbs infrared light in a range of from about 780 nm to about 2300 nm and is shown in formula (1):
M.sub.mM′O.sub.n  (1)
wherein M is an alkali metal, m is greater than 0 and less than 1, M′ is any metal, and n is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 4; and a bilayer-forming surfactant encapsulating at least a portion of the metal oxide, wherein the nanoparticle has a diameter of from about 0.1 nm to about 500 nm.

The present technology provides compositions that include a UV curable resin dispersion that include a branched C.sub.6-C.sub.20 alkyl di-(meth)acrylate ester monomer and at least about 15 wt. % of one or more non-white pigments. The present technology also provides compositions that include a UV curable resin dispersion that include a branched C.sub.6-C.sub.20 alkyl di-(meth)acrylate ester monomer and at least about 35 wt. % of one or more white pigments. The compositions may be in the form of an energy curable composition. The compositions may be useful for flexographic printing, ink jet printing, and 3D printing applications.

In one aspect, inks for use with a three-dimensional (3D) printing system are described herein. In some embodiments, an ink described herein comprises up to 80 wt. % oligomeric curable material; up to 80 wt. % monomeric curable material; up to 10 wt. % photoinitiator; up to 1 wt. % non-curable absorber material; and up to 10 wt. % one or more additional components, based on the total weight of the ink, and wherein the total amount of the foregoing components is equal to 100 wt. %. Additionally, the photoinitiator is operable to initiate curing of the oligomeric curable material and/or the monomeric curable material when the photoinitiator is exposed to incident curing radiation having a peak wavelength λ. Moreover, the ink has a penetration depth (D.sub.p), a critical energy (E.sub.c), and a print through depth (D.sub.PT) at the wavelength λ of less than or equal to 2×D.sub.p.

In one aspect, inks for use with a three-dimensional (3D) printing system are described herein. In some embodiments, an ink described herein comprises up to 80 wt. % oligomeric curable material; up to 80 wt. % monomeric curable material; up to 10 wt. % photoinitiator; up to 1 wt. % non-curable absorber material; and up to 10 wt. % one or more additional components, based on the total weight of the ink, and wherein the total amount of the foregoing components is equal to 100 wt. %. Additionally, the photoinitiator is operable to initiate curing of the oligomeric curable material and/or the monomeric curable material when the photoinitiator is exposed to incident curing radiation having a peak wavelength λ. Moreover, the ink has a penetration depth (D.sub.p), a critical energy (E.sub.c), and a print through depth (D.sub.PT) at the wavelength λ of less than or equal to 2×D.sub.p.

A process for making a conductive ink formulation for jet-printing which uses a fine-tuned molecular weight of hydrolyzed starch particles and using microwave-assisted synthesis to produce a stable, monodisperse, aqueous-based gold ink formulation. This aqueous ink formulation is shown to be highly jettable and forms films which sinter at relatively low temperatures. Printed gold film using the formulation can achieve <1.0 Ω/square sheet resistance upon drying for about 30 minutes and sinters at 200° C. thereby improving its conductivity.

A process for making a conductive ink formulation for jet-printing which uses a fine-tuned molecular weight of hydrolyzed starch particles and using microwave-assisted synthesis to produce a stable, monodisperse, aqueous-based gold ink formulation. This aqueous ink formulation is shown to be highly jettable and forms films which sinter at relatively low temperatures. Printed gold film using the formulation can achieve <1.0 Ω/square sheet resistance upon drying for about 30 minutes and sinters at 200° C. thereby improving its conductivity.