A liquid composition contains a coloring material, an organic solvent, a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 below, a resin, and water, wherein the contact angle of water against a liquid composition film formed by attaching the liquid composition to a non-permeable printing medium is 60 degrees or less,

##STR00001## where n represents an integer of from 4 to 10.

A multi-fluid kit for textile printing includes an inkjet ink and a fixer fluid. The inkjet ink includes a self-crosslinked polyurethane binder particle including a polyurethane polymer with a polymerized carboxylate-based diol and a polymerized sulfonated diamine, a pigment, and an ink aqueous vehicle; and a fixer fluid includes an azetidinium-containing polyamine, and a fixer aqueous vehicle.

A multi-fluid kit for textile printing includes an inkjet ink and a fixer fluid. The inkjet ink includes a self-crosslinked polyurethane binder particle including a polyurethane polymer with a polymerized carboxylate-based diol and a polymerized sulfonated diamine, a pigment, and an ink aqueous vehicle; and a fixer fluid includes an azetidinium-containing polyamine, and a fixer aqueous vehicle.

High spherical particles for use in piezoelectric applications may be produced mixing a mixture comprising a graphene oxide-polyvinylidene fluoride (GO-PVDF) composite, a carrier fluid that is immiscible with the PVDF, and optionally an emulsion stabilizer at a temperature equal to or greater than a melting point or softening temperature of the PVDF to disperse the GO-PVDF composite in the carrier fluid, wherein the GO-PVDF composite has a transmission FTIR minimum transmittance ratio of β-phase PVDF to α-phase PVDF of about 1 or less; cooling the mixture to below the melting point or softening temperature of the PVDF to form GO-PVDF particles; and separating the GO-PVDF particles from the carrier fluid, wherein the GO-PVDF particles comprise the graphene oxide dispersed in the PVDF, and wherein the GO-PVDF particles have a transmission FTIR minimum transmittance ratio of β-phase PVDF to α-phase PVDF of about 1 or less.

High spherical particles for use in piezoelectric applications may be produced mixing a mixture comprising a graphene oxide-polyvinylidene fluoride (GO-PVDF) composite, a carrier fluid that is immiscible with the PVDF, and optionally an emulsion stabilizer at a temperature equal to or greater than a melting point or softening temperature of the PVDF to disperse the GO-PVDF composite in the carrier fluid, wherein the GO-PVDF composite has a transmission FTIR minimum transmittance ratio of β-phase PVDF to α-phase PVDF of about 1 or less; cooling the mixture to below the melting point or softening temperature of the PVDF to form GO-PVDF particles; and separating the GO-PVDF particles from the carrier fluid, wherein the GO-PVDF particles comprise the graphene oxide dispersed in the PVDF, and wherein the GO-PVDF particles have a transmission FTIR minimum transmittance ratio of β-phase PVDF to α-phase PVDF of about 1 or less.

Provided is an ink jet printing method including: subjecting a printing medium to corona discharge treatment; and applying an ink containing an anionic pigment to a surface of the printing medium subjected to the corona discharge treatment, wherein the corona discharge treatment has a discharge quantity of 3,400 W.Math.min/m.sup.2 or more.

Provided is an ink jet printing method including: subjecting a printing medium to corona discharge treatment; and applying an ink containing an anionic pigment to a surface of the printing medium subjected to the corona discharge treatment, wherein the corona discharge treatment has a discharge quantity of 3,400 W.Math.min/m.sup.2 or more.

An object of the present invention is to provide a precoat liquid which can prevent the penetration of an actinic radiation-curable ink into a recording medium and which is less likely to damage the texture of the recording medium. A precoat liquid, capable of achieving the object, for an actinic radiation-curable ink includes a hydrophilic polymer, a hydrophilic solvent, water, and resin fine particles. The amount of the hydrophilic polymer is 1 part by mass or more and 100 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the hydrophilic solvent.

An object of the present invention is to provide a precoat liquid which can prevent the penetration of an actinic radiation-curable ink into a recording medium and which is less likely to damage the texture of the recording medium. A precoat liquid, capable of achieving the object, for an actinic radiation-curable ink includes a hydrophilic polymer, a hydrophilic solvent, water, and resin fine particles. The amount of the hydrophilic polymer is 1 part by mass or more and 100 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the hydrophilic solvent.

A security system, such as a banknote, comprises: i) a substrate, ii) a first ink, which is applied on at least a part of at least one surface of the substrate, wherein the first ink includes at least one IR luminescent dye and/or at least one IR luminescent pigment, and iii) a second non-luminescent ink, which is applied on at least a part of at least one surface of the substrate onto which the first ink is/are applied, wherein the second ink includes at least one non-luminescent IR absorbing pigment and/or a least one non-luminescent IR absorbing dye, wherein the first ink and the second ink at least partially overlap on the at least one surface of the substrate, wherein the second ink is applied in the overlapping area onto the first ink, and wherein the emission spectrum of the first ink and the absorption spectrum of the second ink at least partially overlap.