Provided is an ink jet recording ink containing a near-infrared absorbing colorant represented by Formula 1, a polymerizable monomer, a polymerization initiator, and a dispersant, in which a content of the polymerizable monomer is 50% by mass or more with respect to a total amount of the ink jet recording ink, and a difference between an SP value of the polymerizable monomer and an SP value of the dispersant is 3.8 MPa.sup.1/2 to 16.0 MPa.sup.1/2. Also provided is an ink jet recording method.

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The description of a ring A, a ring B, X.sup.A, X.sup.B, G.sup.A, G.sup.B, kA, and kB in Formula 1 will not be repeated.

A near-infrared curable ink composition on a predetermined substrate that has excellent adhesion to the substrate when irradiated with near-infrared rays and cured, a near-infrared curable film obtained from the near-infrared curable ink composition, and stereolithography using the near-infrared curable ink composition, and contains composite tungsten oxide fine particles as near-infrared absorbing fine particles and uncured thermosetting resin, wherein the composite tungsten oxide fine particles have a XRD peak top intensity ratio value of 0.13 or more based on a XRD peak intensity ratio value of 1 on plane (220) of a silicon powder standard sample (640c produced by NIST).

A near-infrared curable ink composition on a predetermined substrate that has excellent adhesion to the substrate when irradiated with near-infrared rays and cured, a near-infrared curable film obtained from the near-infrared curable ink composition, and stereolithography using the near-infrared curable ink composition, and contains composite tungsten oxide fine particles as near-infrared absorbing fine particles and uncured thermosetting resin, wherein the composite tungsten oxide fine particles have a XRD peak top intensity ratio value of 0.13 or more based on a XRD peak intensity ratio value of 1 on plane (220) of a silicon powder standard sample (640c produced by NIST).

An example of a method for making a build material composition for three-dimensional (3D) printing includes freezing a dispersion of flow additive nanoparticles in a liquid to form a frozen liquid containing the flow additive nanoparticles. The frozen liquid containing the flow additive nanoparticles is lyophilized to form flow additive agglomerates having a porous, fractal structure. The flow additive agglomerates are mixed with a host metal. The flow additive nanoparticles have an average flow additive particle size ranging from about 1 to about 3 orders of magnitude smaller than an average host metal particle size of the host metal.

An example of a method for making a build material composition for three-dimensional (3D) printing includes freezing a dispersion of flow additive nanoparticles in a liquid to form a frozen liquid containing the flow additive nanoparticles. The frozen liquid containing the flow additive nanoparticles is lyophilized to form flow additive agglomerates having a porous, fractal structure. The flow additive agglomerates are mixed with a host metal. The flow additive nanoparticles have an average flow additive particle size ranging from about 1 to about 3 orders of magnitude smaller than an average host metal particle size of the host metal.

A colored special effect ink includes a special effect pigment and a colored pigment. The colored pigment is more hydrophobic than the special effect pigment, and the colored pigment is miscible in a solvent chosen from the group consisting of alcohols, ethers, esters, ketones, and water. The colored pigment optionally has a surface energy of less than 35 dynes/cm. A method for preparing the colored special effect ink and treating the colored pigment to form the colored special effect ink are also described.

A colored special effect ink includes a special effect pigment and a colored pigment. The colored pigment is more hydrophobic than the special effect pigment, and the colored pigment is miscible in a solvent chosen from the group consisting of alcohols, ethers, esters, ketones, and water. The colored pigment optionally has a surface energy of less than 35 dynes/cm. A method for preparing the colored special effect ink and treating the colored pigment to form the colored special effect ink are also described.

A smart ink, comprising microparticles, with each microparticle comprising: a) an exterior shell; b) a liquid encapsulated within the shell; and c) a Janus microparticle suspended in the liquid, wherein the Janus microparticle either comprises: i) two or more distinct assemblies of particles; or ii) a core loaded with particles, the core having a first surface portion and a second surface portion that is functionally distinct from the first surface portion. An apparatus and method for production of the microparticles are also provided.

After there is prepared a conductive paste which contains fine copper particles having an average particle diameter of 1 to 100 nm, each of the fine copper particles being coated with an azole compound, such as benzotriazole, coarse copper particles having an average particle diameter of 0.3 to 20 μm, at least one of a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) resin and a polyvinyl butyral (PVB) resin, a chlorine compound, and a glycol solvent, such as ethylene glycol, the total amount of the fine copper particles and the coarse copper particles being 50 to 90% by weight, and the weight ratio of the fine copper particles to the coarse copper particles being in the range of from 1:9 to 5:5, the conductive paste thus prepared is applied on a substrate by screen printing to be preliminary-fired by vacuum drying, and then, fired with light irradiation by irradiating with light having a wavelength of 200 to 800 nm at a pulse period of 500 to 2000 μs and a pulse voltage of 1600 to 3800 V to form a conductive film on the substrate.

After there is prepared a conductive paste which contains fine copper particles having an average particle diameter of 1 to 100 nm, each of the fine copper particles being coated with an azole compound, such as benzotriazole, coarse copper particles having an average particle diameter of 0.3 to 20 μm, at least one of a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) resin and a polyvinyl butyral (PVB) resin, a chlorine compound, and a glycol solvent, such as ethylene glycol, the total amount of the fine copper particles and the coarse copper particles being 50 to 90% by weight, and the weight ratio of the fine copper particles to the coarse copper particles being in the range of from 1:9 to 5:5, the conductive paste thus prepared is applied on a substrate by screen printing to be preliminary-fired by vacuum drying, and then, fired with light irradiation by irradiating with light having a wavelength of 200 to 800 nm at a pulse period of 500 to 2000 μs and a pulse voltage of 1600 to 3800 V to form a conductive film on the substrate.