A method and related apparatus for generating a surface structure includes the steps of: (A) applying a resin A on the surface of a material; (B) applying a liquid B on at least one portion of the resin A, when the resin A is liquid or partially solidified; (C) polymerizing, also separately, the resin A and the liquid B; and (D) removing the polymerized liquid B.

A method and related apparatus for generating a surface structure includes the steps of: (A) applying a resin A on the surface of a material; (B) applying a liquid B on at least one portion of the resin A, when the resin A is liquid or partially solidified; (C) polymerizing, also separately, the resin A and the liquid B; and (D) removing the polymerized liquid B.

The present invention provides a pigment dispersion having excellent dispersibility and storage stability, a pigment dispersion including: a dispersion medium, a compound represented by the following formula (1), and at least one pigment selected from the group consisting of C. I. Pigment Blue 15, C. I. Pigment Blue 15:1, C. I. Pigment Blue 15:2, C. I. Pigment Blue 15:3, C. I. Pigment Blue 15:4, C. I. Pigment Blue 15:6, C. I. Pigment Green 7, C. I. Pigment Green 36, and C. I. Pigment Green 58, which are dispersed in the dispersion medium.

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An active energy ray-curable ink composition for offset printing that contains a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond and a photopolymerization initiator is combined with: a rosin-modified alkyd resin being a condensation polymer of a polyhydric alcohol with an acid component containing a resin acid, a fatty acid, and a polybasic acid, and having a predetermined solubility parameter (SP value) and a predetermined acid value; and a specific liquid component having a predetermined SP value.

An active energy ray-curable ink composition for offset printing that contains a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond and a photopolymerization initiator is combined with: a rosin-modified alkyd resin being a condensation polymer of a polyhydric alcohol with an acid component containing a resin acid, a fatty acid, and a polybasic acid, and having a predetermined solubility parameter (SP value) and a predetermined acid value; and a specific liquid component having a predetermined SP value.

An example of a thermal inkjet fluid composition includes a water soluble photoacid generator having substantially no absorbance at a radiation wavelength ranging from about 360 nm to about 410 nm, a water soluble polymeric sensitizer having absorption at the radiation wavelength ranging from about 360 nm to about 410 nm, a polymeric binder, and a balance of water. The water soluble polymeric sensitizer includes a functionalized aromatic chromophore moiety, a polyether chain, and an amide linkage or an ether linkage attaching one end of the polyether chain to the functionalized aromatic chromophore moiety.

An example of a thermal inkjet fluid composition includes a water soluble photoacid generator having substantially no absorbance at a radiation wavelength ranging from about 360 nm to about 410 nm, a water soluble polymeric sensitizer having absorption at the radiation wavelength ranging from about 360 nm to about 410 nm, a polymeric binder, and a balance of water. The water soluble polymeric sensitizer includes a functionalized aromatic chromophore moiety, a polyether chain, and an amide linkage or an ether linkage attaching one end of the polyether chain to the functionalized aromatic chromophore moiety.

Print materials described herein include a first polymerization initiator comprising an initiator material having a thermal decomposition rate and a peak photo-initiated decomposition rate, wherein the thermal dissociation rate is higher than the peak photo-initiated decomposition rate; a vinylic monomer; a polyfunctional monomer; scattering particles; and quantum dots. Methods of making a quantum dot material using such print materials, and of incorporating into light emitting devices, are also described.

The present disclosure is directed to a metallic ink composition for use in digital offset printing, comprising: metallic effect pigment particles, wherein an average equivalent sphere diameter of at least about 90% of the metallic effect pigment particles ranges from greater than 1 micrometer (μm) to 150 μm; at least one dispersant; at least one curable oligomer; and a photo initiator, wherein the metallic ink composition has a viscosity ranging from 150,000 to 1,000,000 millipascal seconds (mPa.Math.s) at 0.1 rad/s at 25° C. Also provided is a method of digital offset printing using the metallic ink composition of the present disclosure.

The present disclosure is directed to a metallic ink composition for use in digital offset printing, comprising: metallic effect pigment particles, wherein an average equivalent sphere diameter of at least about 90% of the metallic effect pigment particles ranges from greater than 1 micrometer (μm) to 150 μm; at least one dispersant; at least one curable oligomer; and a photo initiator, wherein the metallic ink composition has a viscosity ranging from 150,000 to 1,000,000 millipascal seconds (mPa.Math.s) at 0.1 rad/s at 25° C. Also provided is a method of digital offset printing using the metallic ink composition of the present disclosure.