In an example of a method for three-dimensional (3D) printing, a build material composition is applied to form a build material layer. The build material composition includes a polymeric or polymeric composite build material, and a precipitating agent. Based on a 3D object model, a fusing agent is selectively applied on at least a portion of the build material composition. The fusing agent includes a radiation absorber, which the precipitating agent precipitates. The build material composition is exposed to radiation to fuse the at least the portion to form a layer of a 3D part.

In an example of a method for three-dimensional (3D) printing, a build material composition is applied to form a build material layer. The build material composition includes a polymeric or polymeric composite build material, and a precipitating agent. Based on a 3D object model, a fusing agent is selectively applied on at least a portion of the build material composition. The fusing agent includes a radiation absorber, which the precipitating agent precipitates. The build material composition is exposed to radiation to fuse the at least the portion to form a layer of a 3D part.

A modified pigment for radiation curable gravure ink, comprising a pigment and inorganic oxide nanoparticles coated on the surface of the pigment, wherein the DBP oil absorption is 150 ml/100 g-250 ml/100 g, the particle size is 0.01 μm-1 μm, and the pH value is 4.5-10.

A modified pigment for radiation curable gravure ink, comprising a pigment and inorganic oxide nanoparticles coated on the surface of the pigment, wherein the DBP oil absorption is 150 ml/100 g-250 ml/100 g, the particle size is 0.01 μm-1 μm, and the pH value is 4.5-10.

The present invention is drawn to UV-curable ink and coating compositions comprising acylphosphine oxide photoinitiators and acids. The acids may be inorganic or organic acids, or acids generated by a photoacid generator during UV-cure. Incorporation of the acids into the UV-curable ink and coating compositions results in a reduction of migratable aldehydes that are produced by acylphosphine oxide photoinitiators during UV-cure. The ink and coating compositions are particularly useful for use in applications N that require low migration of low molecular weight materials, such as, for example, food packaging.

The present invention is drawn to UV-curable ink and coating compositions comprising acylphosphine oxide photoinitiators and acids. The acids may be inorganic or organic acids, or acids generated by a photoacid generator during UV-cure. Incorporation of the acids into the UV-curable ink and coating compositions results in a reduction of migratable aldehydes that are produced by acylphosphine oxide photoinitiators during UV-cure. The ink and coating compositions are particularly useful for use in applications N that require low migration of low molecular weight materials, such as, for example, food packaging.

Adhesive compositions that can be applied to substrates using inkjet printheads and cured to a hardened, tack-free state and readily rendered tacky on application of heat and pressure to accurately transfer foil to the substrates including one or more free-radical curing monomers, an oligomer/resin composition component including one or more oligomers and one or more inert thermoplastic resins that are soluble in the monomers, and, where required, one or more free radical photoinitiators.

Adhesive compositions that can be applied to substrates using inkjet printheads and cured to a hardened, tack-free state and readily rendered tacky on application of heat and pressure to accurately transfer foil to the substrates including one or more free-radical curing monomers, an oligomer/resin composition component including one or more oligomers and one or more inert thermoplastic resins that are soluble in the monomers, and, where required, one or more free radical photoinitiators.

The invention describes new designs of commercial inkjet or flexographic web and sheet fed presses with pre-coating prior to printing which may upgrade the quality of the substrates and render them printable by all printing technologies including inkjet and digital. Also described are curable water-based coatings, inkjet and flexographic inks and overprint varnishes which may be radiation cured at high speed without the need for external applied heat to remove water. When used as coatings or primers, the compositions of the invention may create a surface on cellulosic substrates, polymeric films and some metal surfaces which are suitable for printing on by most printing methods including but not limited to inkjet, wet and dry toner systems, lithographic, gravure, flexographic and 4-D printing. The primer/coatings may also add up to 35% tensile strength to lightweight “thin” papers. The primer/coatings, inks and overprint varnishes can be cured by UV with or without the need for added commercial and/or conventional photoinitiators and the same formulations can be cured with electron beam using less than 35% of the energy required for conventional EB coatings and inks and without the need for a nitrogen environment thus allowing EB cure sheet fed printing. The primer/coatings of the invention may allow multi-colour printing on lightweight papers by conventional water-based inkjet inks that could previously not be printed with this method. Overprint varnishes of the invention can be applied successfully in-line on the printing press over wet inks before being EB or UV cured.

The invention describes new designs of commercial inkjet or flexographic web and sheet fed presses with pre-coating prior to printing which may upgrade the quality of the substrates and render them printable by all printing technologies including inkjet and digital. Also described are curable water-based coatings, inkjet and flexographic inks and overprint varnishes which may be radiation cured at high speed without the need for external applied heat to remove water. When used as coatings or primers, the compositions of the invention may create a surface on cellulosic substrates, polymeric films and some metal surfaces which are suitable for printing on by most printing methods including but not limited to inkjet, wet and dry toner systems, lithographic, gravure, flexographic and 4-D printing. The primer/coatings may also add up to 35% tensile strength to lightweight “thin” papers. The primer/coatings, inks and overprint varnishes can be cured by UV with or without the need for added commercial and/or conventional photoinitiators and the same formulations can be cured with electron beam using less than 35% of the energy required for conventional EB coatings and inks and without the need for a nitrogen environment thus allowing EB cure sheet fed printing. The primer/coatings of the invention may allow multi-colour printing on lightweight papers by conventional water-based inkjet inks that could previously not be printed with this method. Overprint varnishes of the invention can be applied successfully in-line on the printing press over wet inks before being EB or UV cured.