A polymerizable composition curable by ionizing radiation contains (A) a first component including a (meth)acryloylmorpholine represented by formula (1), and (B) a second component including a compound represented by formula (2). The total content of the first component and the second component in the polymerizable composition is 50 wt % or more. The polymerizable composition enables appropriate maintaining of a post-curing shape even after being in a high temperature environment, and enables dissolution thereof by a water-containing solution. In formula (1), R.sup.1 is hydrogen or methyl. In formula (2), R.sup.2 is hydrogen or a group having 1 to 6 carbons, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each independently hydrogen or a group having 20 or less carbons, and n is an integer of 1 to 6.

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A polymerizable composition curable by ionizing radiation contains (A) a first component including a (meth)acryloylmorpholine represented by formula (1), and (B) a second component including a compound represented by formula (2). The total content of the first component and the second component in the polymerizable composition is 50 wt % or more. The polymerizable composition enables appropriate maintaining of a post-curing shape even after being in a high temperature environment, and enables dissolution thereof by a water-containing solution. In formula (1), R.sup.1 is hydrogen or methyl. In formula (2), R.sup.2 is hydrogen or a group having 1 to 6 carbons, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each independently hydrogen or a group having 20 or less carbons, and n is an integer of 1 to 6.

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Compositions and methods to 3D print high quality inorganic nanostructures from a nanocomposite ink using two-photon polymerization are provided. Methods provide capability for 3D printing inorganic silica structures with sub-200 nm resolution with controlled crystallinity and doping. The final 3D printed inorganic product is shown to be pure SiO.sub.2, which can be in either glass or crystalline polymorph depending on the sintering process. The 3D printed fabricated products also show remarkable optical performance with the 3D printed micro-toroid optical resonators having quality factors (Q) over 10.sup.4. For optical applications, doping and co-doping of rare earth salts such as Er.sup.3+, Tm.sup.3+, Yb.sup.3+, Eu.sup.3+ and Nd.sup.3+ can be directly implemented in the printed SiO.sub.2 structures.

Compositions and methods to 3D print high quality inorganic nanostructures from a nanocomposite ink using two-photon polymerization are provided. Methods provide capability for 3D printing inorganic silica structures with sub-200 nm resolution with controlled crystallinity and doping. The final 3D printed inorganic product is shown to be pure SiO.sub.2, which can be in either glass or crystalline polymorph depending on the sintering process. The 3D printed fabricated products also show remarkable optical performance with the 3D printed micro-toroid optical resonators having quality factors (Q) over 10.sup.4. For optical applications, doping and co-doping of rare earth salts such as Er.sup.3+, Tm.sup.3+, Yb.sup.3+, Eu.sup.3+ and Nd.sup.3+ can be directly implemented in the printed SiO.sub.2 structures.

An image recording method according to this invention is an image recording method using an ink jet ink composition containing a pigment, in which the maximum particle size of the pigment is 2.5 μm or less and recording is performed with continuous scanning time of 10 minutes or more.

An image recording method according to this invention is an image recording method using an ink jet ink composition containing a pigment, in which the maximum particle size of the pigment is 2.5 μm or less and recording is performed with continuous scanning time of 10 minutes or more.

Provided is an ink jet recording ink containing a near-infrared absorbing colorant represented by Formula 1, a polymerizable monomer, a polymerization initiator, and a dispersant, in which a content of the polymerizable monomer is 50% by mass or more with respect to a total amount of the ink jet recording ink, and a difference between an SP value of the polymerizable monomer and an SP value of the dispersant is 3.8 MPa.sup.1/2 to 16.0 MPa.sup.1/2. Also provided is an ink jet recording method.

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The description of a ring A, a ring B, X.sup.A, X.sup.B, G.sup.A, G.sup.B, kA, and kB in Formula 1 will not be repeated.

Provided is an ink jet recording ink containing a near-infrared absorbing colorant represented by Formula 1, a polymerizable monomer, a polymerization initiator, and a dispersant, in which a content of the polymerizable monomer is 50% by mass or more with respect to a total amount of the ink jet recording ink, and a difference between an SP value of the polymerizable monomer and an SP value of the dispersant is 3.8 MPa.sup.1/2 to 16.0 MPa.sup.1/2. Also provided is an ink jet recording method.

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The description of a ring A, a ring B, X.sup.A, X.sup.B, G.sup.A, G.sup.B, kA, and kB in Formula 1 will not be repeated.

A photocurable composition can comprise a polymerizable material and a photoinitiator, wherein the polymerizable material can comprise a first polymerizable monomer having a structure of Formula (1) or Formula (2):

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with X being C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkyl or oxygen (O); n being 0 or 1 Y.sub.1, Y.sub.2 being

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with R.sub.3 or, with R.sub.3 being H or methyl, wherein Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 may be the same or different and an amount of Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 per benzene ring being 1, 2, or 3; R.sub.1, R.sub.2 being substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or aryl, and an amount of each of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 per benzene ring being 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.

A photocurable composition can comprise a polymerizable material and a photoinitiator, wherein the polymerizable material can comprise a first polymerizable monomer having a structure of Formula (1) or Formula (2):

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with X being C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkyl or oxygen (O); n being 0 or 1 Y.sub.1, Y.sub.2 being

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with R.sub.3 or, with R.sub.3 being H or methyl, wherein Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 may be the same or different and an amount of Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 per benzene ring being 1, 2, or 3; R.sub.1, R.sub.2 being substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or aryl, and an amount of each of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 per benzene ring being 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.