Fusing nanowire inks are described that can also comprise a hydrophilic polymer binder, such as a cellulose based binder. The fusing nanowire inks can be deposited onto a substrate surface and dried to drive the fusing process. Transparent conductive films can be formed with desirable properties.

This invention provides resin formulations which may be used for 3D printing and pyrolyzing to produce a ceramic matrix composite. The resin formulations contain a solid-phase filler, to provide high thermal stability and mechanical strength (e.g., fracture toughness) in the final ceramic material. The invention provides direct, free-form 3D printing of a preceramic polymer loaded with a solid-phase filler, followed by converting the preceramic polymer to a 3D-printed ceramic matrix composite with potentially complex 3D shapes or in the form of large parts. Other variations provide active solid-phase functional additives as solid-phase fillers, to perform or enhance at least one chemical, physical, mechanical, or electrical function within the ceramic structure as it is being formed as well as in the final structure. Solid-phase functional additives actively improve the final ceramic structure through one or more changes actively induced by the additives during pyrolysis or other thermal treatment.

This invention provides resin formulations which may be used for 3D printing and pyrolyzing to produce a ceramic matrix composite. The resin formulations contain a solid-phase filler, to provide high thermal stability and mechanical strength (e.g., fracture toughness) in the final ceramic material. The invention provides direct, free-form 3D printing of a preceramic polymer loaded with a solid-phase filler, followed by converting the preceramic polymer to a 3D-printed ceramic matrix composite with potentially complex 3D shapes or in the form of large parts. Other variations provide active solid-phase functional additives as solid-phase fillers, to perform or enhance at least one chemical, physical, mechanical, or electrical function within the ceramic structure as it is being formed as well as in the final structure. Solid-phase functional additives actively improve the final ceramic structure through one or more changes actively induced by the additives during pyrolysis or other thermal treatment.

A composition for a film adhesive, an ink binder, or a coating agent based on a polyurethane resin having excellent heat resistance and surface hardness and good adhesiveness to various substrates. A composition containing a polyurethane resin (X) and a crosslinking agent (Y), in which the polyurethane resin (X) contains a polycarbonate polyol (A), an organic diisocyanate (B), and a chain extender (C) as copolymerization components, characterized in that the glass transition temperature of the polyurethane resin (X) is 50° C. or higher, that the polycarbonate polyol (A) contains 60 mol % or more of a specific structure, and that the composition contains 1 to 30 parts by mass of the crosslinking agent (Y) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyurethane resin (X).

A composition for a film adhesive, an ink binder, or a coating agent based on a polyurethane resin having excellent heat resistance and surface hardness and good adhesiveness to various substrates. A composition containing a polyurethane resin (X) and a crosslinking agent (Y), in which the polyurethane resin (X) contains a polycarbonate polyol (A), an organic diisocyanate (B), and a chain extender (C) as copolymerization components, characterized in that the glass transition temperature of the polyurethane resin (X) is 50° C. or higher, that the polycarbonate polyol (A) contains 60 mol % or more of a specific structure, and that the composition contains 1 to 30 parts by mass of the crosslinking agent (Y) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyurethane resin (X).

The conductive composition of the present embodiment contains metal nanoparticles having an average particle diameter of 30 nm to 600 nm, metal particles having an average particle diameter larger than that of the metal nanoparticles, a thermosetting resin having an oxirane ring in a molecule, a curing agent, and a cellulose resin. Then, the specific resistance of the conductor formed by applying and calcining the conductive composition on the substrate is preferably 5.0×10.sup.−6 Ω.Math.cm or less, and the conductor does not peel from the substrate when a tape having an adhesive force of 3.9 N/10 mm to 39 N/10 mm is pressed against the conductor and peeled off.

The conductive composition of the present embodiment contains metal nanoparticles having an average particle diameter of 30 nm to 600 nm, metal particles having an average particle diameter larger than that of the metal nanoparticles, a thermosetting resin having an oxirane ring in a molecule, a curing agent, and a cellulose resin. Then, the specific resistance of the conductor formed by applying and calcining the conductive composition on the substrate is preferably 5.0×10.sup.−6 Ω.Math.cm or less, and the conductor does not peel from the substrate when a tape having an adhesive force of 3.9 N/10 mm to 39 N/10 mm is pressed against the conductor and peeled off.

A cleaning liquid contains water, a surfactant, and glycol ether. The surfactant includes both a silicone surfactant and a betaine surfactant. The glycol ether has a percentage content of at least 5.0% by mass and no greater than 15.0% by mass relative to the mass of the cleaning liquid. The cleaning liquid has a viscosity at 25° C. of 10.0 mPa.Math.s.

A cleaning liquid contains water, a surfactant, and glycol ether. The surfactant includes both a silicone surfactant and a betaine surfactant. The glycol ether has a percentage content of at least 5.0% by mass and no greater than 15.0% by mass relative to the mass of the cleaning liquid. The cleaning liquid has a viscosity at 25° C. of 10.0 mPa.Math.s.

Ink compositions and methods of use for reliably printing on alkaline and readily oxidizing surfaces comprise one or more pigments, one or more solvents for adjusting viscosity, surface tension, and/or heat tolerance, and water, the pigments being “loaded” in the ink sufficiently to meet the relevant color and optical density requirements for the ink while such ink composition still also meets the duty cycle requirements of the application.