The present invention discloses a polymer-metal compound composite ink, a preparation method and application thereof. The composite ink comprises: at least one polymer; at least one metal compound material, the metal compound material being selected from polyoxometalate compounds and nanocrystalline metal oxides; at least one solvent which is used for forming a disperse system in the form of a uniform fluid together with the remaining components in the composite ink. The present invention also discloses a method for preparing the composite ink. The composite ink of the present invention is easily available in raw material, easy to prepare and low in cost, and can be manufactured into a composite thin film by spin-coating, printing or in other ways. The composite thin film, as an electrode modification layer, can be applied to photoelectric devices such as solar cells or light-emitting diodes, so as to improve the contact performance between an electrode and an organic active layer and thus enhance the performance and yield of photoelectric devices.

The present invention discloses a polymer-metal compound composite ink, a preparation method and application thereof. The composite ink comprises: at least one polymer; at least one metal compound material, the metal compound material being selected from polyoxometalate compounds and nanocrystalline metal oxides; at least one solvent which is used for forming a disperse system in the form of a uniform fluid together with the remaining components in the composite ink. The present invention also discloses a method for preparing the composite ink. The composite ink of the present invention is easily available in raw material, easy to prepare and low in cost, and can be manufactured into a composite thin film by spin-coating, printing or in other ways. The composite thin film, as an electrode modification layer, can be applied to photoelectric devices such as solar cells or light-emitting diodes, so as to improve the contact performance between an electrode and an organic active layer and thus enhance the performance and yield of photoelectric devices.

A toner comprising a toner particle, wherein the toner has G1 of from 5.0×10.sup.−13 to 1.0×10.sup.−10, and a ratio G2/G1 of G2 to G1 is from 0.10 to 0.60, when a conductivity of the toner measured at a frequency of 0.01 Hz under a pressure of 1,000 kPa is designated by G1 in S/m, and a conductivity of the toner measured at a frequency of 0.01 Hz under a pressure of 100 kPa is designated by G2 in S/m.

A toner comprising a toner particle, wherein the toner has G1 of from 5.0×10.sup.−13 to 1.0×10.sup.−10, and a ratio G2/G1 of G2 to G1 is from 0.10 to 0.60, when a conductivity of the toner measured at a frequency of 0.01 Hz under a pressure of 1,000 kPa is designated by G1 in S/m, and a conductivity of the toner measured at a frequency of 0.01 Hz under a pressure of 100 kPa is designated by G2 in S/m.

Provided are a composition for forming an organic light-emitting device, a method of preparing an organic light-emitting device, and an organic light-emitting device. The method of preparing an organic light-emitting device includes: forming an organic layer including an emission layer on a first electrode, wherein the forming of the organic layer includes performing a solution process using a composition for forming an organic light-emitting device, the composition for forming an organic light-emitting device includes n kinds of solvent, a solvent (Sv.sub.1) having the highest boiling point among the n kinds of solvent and a solvent (Sv.sub.2) having the second highest boiling point among the n kinds of solvent satisfy Equation 1, n is an integer from 2 to 10, and the solvent (Sv.sub.1) having the highest boiling point among the n kinds of solvent is a compound represented by Formula 1.

Provided are a composition for forming an organic light-emitting device, a method of preparing an organic light-emitting device, and an organic light-emitting device. The method of preparing an organic light-emitting device includes: forming an organic layer including an emission layer on a first electrode, wherein the forming of the organic layer includes performing a solution process using a composition for forming an organic light-emitting device, the composition for forming an organic light-emitting device includes n kinds of solvent, a solvent (Sv.sub.1) having the highest boiling point among the n kinds of solvent and a solvent (Sv.sub.2) having the second highest boiling point among the n kinds of solvent satisfy Equation 1, n is an integer from 2 to 10, and the solvent (Sv.sub.1) having the highest boiling point among the n kinds of solvent is a compound represented by Formula 1.

A decorative film including a base film layer, a printed layer disposed on the base film layer, and a protective layer disposed on the printed layer and having a texture is described. The protective layer includes a cured product of a radiation curable inkjet ink which is obtained by inkjet printing, and the impact resistance of the decorative film at 10° C. is greater than or equal to 40 in-lbs. The decorative film is not cracked in a bending resistance test in accordance with JIS K 5600-5-1:1999.

A decorative film including a base film layer, a printed layer disposed on the base film layer, and a protective layer disposed on the printed layer and having a texture is described. The protective layer includes a cured product of a radiation curable inkjet ink which is obtained by inkjet printing, and the impact resistance of the decorative film at 10° C. is greater than or equal to 40 in-lbs. The decorative film is not cracked in a bending resistance test in accordance with JIS K 5600-5-1:1999.

Disclosed are functional materials for use in additive manufacturing (AM). The functional material can comprise an elastomeric composition (e.g., a silicone composite) for use in, for example, direct ink writing. The elastomeric composition can include and elastomeric resin, and a magnetic nanorod filler dispersed within the elastomeric resin. Nanorod characteristics (e.g., length, diameter, aspect ratio) can be selected to create 3D-printed constructs with desired mechanical properties along different axes. Furthermore, since nickel nanorods are ferromagnetic, the spatial distribution and orientation of nanorods within the continuous phase can be controlled with an external magnetic field. This level of control over the nanostructure of the material system offers another degree of freedom in the design of functional parts and components with anisotropic properties. Magnetic fields can be used to remotely sense compression of the constructs, or alternatively, control the stiffness of these materials.

Disclosed are functional materials for use in additive manufacturing (AM). The functional material can comprise an elastomeric composition (e.g., a silicone composite) for use in, for example, direct ink writing. The elastomeric composition can include and elastomeric resin, and a magnetic nanorod filler dispersed within the elastomeric resin. Nanorod characteristics (e.g., length, diameter, aspect ratio) can be selected to create 3D-printed constructs with desired mechanical properties along different axes. Furthermore, since nickel nanorods are ferromagnetic, the spatial distribution and orientation of nanorods within the continuous phase can be controlled with an external magnetic field. This level of control over the nanostructure of the material system offers another degree of freedom in the design of functional parts and components with anisotropic properties. Magnetic fields can be used to remotely sense compression of the constructs, or alternatively, control the stiffness of these materials.