An ink includes a siloxane polymer having at least 13 mol. % diphenylsiloxane content relative to the total mol. % of the siloxane polymer, and a filler having a refractive index about matching a refractive index of the siloxane polymer where the refractive indices are within about 5% of one another but are ideally as closely matched as possible.

An aqueous composition can be used for pre-treating a substrate prior to inkjet printing to provide a white opaque background for inkjet-printed images. This aqueous composition includes: (a) one or more water-soluble salts of a multivalent metal cation at 5-30 weight %; (b) a nonionic or cationic water-soluble or water-dispersible polymeric binder material at 5-30 weight %; and (c) surface-treated visible light-scattering particles having a D.sub.50 (median) particle size of at least 0.04 μm and up to and including 2 μm in an amount of 5-60 weight % based on the total aqueous composition weight. The pre-treated substrate is useful as an inkjet receiving medium that can be readily inkjet-printed particularly with anionically-stabilized aqueous pigment-based inks.

Printed matter includes a substrate comprising a vinyl chloride resin and a printing layer on the substrate, wherein the surface of the substrate has a static friction coefficient of from 0.04 to 0.06 and a dynamic friction coefficient of from 0.02 to 0.03 when the surface of the substrate is rubbed with standard adjacent fabrics for staining for color fastness test under a load of 200 g, wherein the surface of the printing layer has a static friction coefficient of from 0.35 to 0.50 and a dynamic friction coefficient of from 0.20 to 0.30 when the surface of the printing layer is rubbed with standard adjacent fabrics for staining for color fastness test under a load of 200 g.

Ligand-capped scattering nanoparticles, curable ink compositions containing the ligand-capped scattering nanoparticles, and methods of forming films from the ink compositions are provided. Also provided are cured films formed by curing the ink compositions and photonic devices incorporating the films. The ligands bound to the inorganic scattering nanoparticles include a head group and a tail group. The head group includes a polyamine chain and binds the ligands to the nanoparticle surface. The tail group includes a polyalkylene oxide chain.

An inkjet fluid set includes a colorless pre-treatment fluid, a colorless fixer fluid, and a white inkjet ink. The colorless pre-treatment fluid includes a first polymeric binder selected from the group consisting of an acrylic copolymer, an acrylamide copolymer, a polyester-polyurethane, and a polyether-polyurethane and a pre-treatment vehicle. The colorless fixer fluid includes a cationic polymer and a fixer vehicle. The white inkjet ink includes a white pigment, a second polymeric binder, and an ink vehicle.

An inkjet fluid set includes a colorless pre-treatment fluid, a colorless fixer fluid, and a white inkjet ink. The colorless pre-treatment fluid includes a first polymeric binder selected from the group consisting of an acrylic copolymer, an acrylamide copolymer, a polyester-polyurethane, and a polyether-polyurethane and a pre-treatment vehicle. The colorless fixer fluid includes a cationic polymer and a fixer vehicle. The white inkjet ink includes a white pigment, a second polymeric binder, and an ink vehicle.

Provided is an ink set including: an inkjet aqueous pretreatment liquid containing water and a polyvalent metal salt A; an aqueous inkjet ink; and a cleaning liquid containing water, a water-soluble organic solvent B with an SP value of at least 11 (cal/cm.sup.3)1/2, and a monovalent metal salt C, in which the monovalent metal salt C contains a metal with a higher ionization tendency than a metal of the polyvalent metal salt A.

Provided is an ink set including: an inkjet aqueous pretreatment liquid containing water and a polyvalent metal salt A; an aqueous inkjet ink; and a cleaning liquid containing water, a water-soluble organic solvent B with an SP value of at least 11 (cal/cm.sup.3)1/2, and a monovalent metal salt C, in which the monovalent metal salt C contains a metal with a higher ionization tendency than a metal of the polyvalent metal salt A.

An ink jet ink composition which is a water-based ink, includes a self-dispersible pigment, inorganic oxide particles, and a poly(ethylene glycol) represented by the following general formula (I), and the ink composition contains at least one type of metal ion selected from the group consisting of a potassium ion, a sodium ion, and a lithium ion.

HO—(CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—O—).sub.n—H  (I)

In the above formula, n represents an integer of 3 to 9.

An ink jet ink composition which is a water-based ink, includes a self-dispersible pigment, inorganic oxide particles, and a poly(ethylene glycol) represented by the following general formula (I), and the ink composition contains at least one type of metal ion selected from the group consisting of a potassium ion, a sodium ion, and a lithium ion.

HO—(CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—O—).sub.n—H  (I)

In the above formula, n represents an integer of 3 to 9.