Provided is a method of preparing a vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer latex.

Specifically, in one embodiment of the present invention, provided is a method of preparing a latex including vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer particles with a high degree of polymerization and molecular weight and a uniform particle composition by performing an emulsion polymerization of a vinyl chloride monomer and a vinyl acetate monomer in the presence of an aqueous dispersion medium and an emulsifier while optimizing a feeding mode of the vinyl chloride monomer and the emulsifier.

Provided is an image recording method including a step of preparing an ink containing water and a white pigment, and a step of jetting the ink from an ink jet head in a liquid droplet amount of 1.0 pL or greater to apply the ink onto a base material, in which in a case where an ink jetting surface of the ink jet head is immersed in the ink in a vertically standing state for 2 seconds, the jetting surface is pulled up from the ink in the state, and the jetting surface is allowed to stand in the state for 1 minute, a ratio of an area of a region to which the ink is adhered to an area of the jetting surface is 40% by area or less.

The present invention provides a conductive paste which leaves less fine undissolved matter when dissolved in an organic solvent and thus can be easily filtrated, which has excellent printability, and which can exhibit excellent surface smoothness after printing. Provided is a conductive paste used for forming an electrode of a multilayer ceramic capacitor, the conductive paste containing: a polyvinyl acetal resin; an organic solvent; and a conductive powder, the polyvinyl acetal resin having a wave number A (cm.sup.−1) of a peak within a range of 3,100 to 3,700 cm.sup.−1 in an IR absorption spectrum measured using an infrared spectrophotometer; and a hydroxy group content (mol %), the wavenumber A of the peak and the hydroxy group content satisfying relations of the following formulas (1) and (2):

[(3,470−A)/Hydroxy group content]≤5.0  (1)

(3,470−A)≤150  (2)

wherein A is a wavenumber which is lower than 3,470 cm.sup.−1 and at which a transmittance a (%) satisfying [100−(100−X)/2] is exhibited, where X (%) is s minimum transmittance of the peak within the wavenumber range of 3,100 to 3,700 cm.sup.−1.

Methods for forming latexes are provided. In an embodiment, such a method comprises adding a monomer emulsion comprising water, a monomer, an acidic monomer, a hydrophilic monomer, a difunctional monomer, a first reactive surfactant, and a chain transfer agent, to a reactive surfactant solution comprising water, a second reactive surfactant, and an initiator, at a feed rate over a period of time so that monomers of the monomer emulsion undergo polymerization reactions to form resin particles in a latex. The reactive surfactant solution does not comprise monomers other than the second reactive surfactant, the reactive surfactant solution does not comprise a resin seed, and the monomer emulsion does not comprise the resin seed. The latex is characterized by a viscosity in a range of from about 10 cP to about 100 cP as measured at a solid content of about 30% and at room temperature. The latexes are also provided.

Fusing nanowire inks are described that can also comprise a hydrophilic polymer binder, such as a cellulose based binder. The fusing nanowire inks can be deposited onto a substrate surface and dried to drive the fusing process. Transparent conductive films can be formed with desirable properties.

Fusing nanowire inks are described that can also comprise a hydrophilic polymer binder, such as a cellulose based binder. The fusing nanowire inks can be deposited onto a substrate surface and dried to drive the fusing process. Transparent conductive films can be formed with desirable properties.

This disclosure describes hydrogel three-dimensional printing kits, methods of three-dimensional printing hydrogels, and hydrogel three-dimensional printing systems. In one example, a hydrogel three-dimensional printing kit can include a particulate build material, a crosslinking agent, a whitening agent, and a coloring agent. The particulate build material can include a polyhydroxylated swellable polymer. The crosslinking agent can include water and a crosslinker that is reactive with hydroxyl groups of the polyhydroxylated swellable polymer to crosslink the polyhydroxylated swellable polymer. The whitening agent can include water and a dispersed white pigment. The coloring agent can include water and a colorant.

This disclosure describes hydrogel three-dimensional printing kits, methods of three-dimensional printing hydrogels, and hydrogel three-dimensional printing systems. In one example, a hydrogel three-dimensional printing kit can include a particulate build material, a crosslinking agent, a whitening agent, and a coloring agent. The particulate build material can include a polyhydroxylated swellable polymer. The crosslinking agent can include water and a crosslinker that is reactive with hydroxyl groups of the polyhydroxylated swellable polymer to crosslink the polyhydroxylated swellable polymer. The whitening agent can include water and a dispersed white pigment. The coloring agent can include water and a colorant.

A radiation curable inkjet ink composition that includes (A) a mono-ethylenically unsaturated oligomer, (B) a mono-ethylenically unsaturated monomer, and (C) a solvent, wherein the radiation curable inkjet ink composition is substantially free of a photoinitiator and wherein a total weight of the mono-ethylenically unsaturated oligomer (A) is less than or equal to the total weight of the mono-ethylenically unsaturated monomer (B). A printed article including the radiation curable inkjet ink composition in cured form, and a method of forming an image with a thermal inkjet printhead are also provided.

A radiation curable inkjet ink composition that includes (A) a mono-ethylenically unsaturated oligomer, (B) a mono-ethylenically unsaturated monomer, and (C) a solvent, wherein the radiation curable inkjet ink composition is substantially free of a photoinitiator and wherein a total weight of the mono-ethylenically unsaturated oligomer (A) is less than or equal to the total weight of the mono-ethylenically unsaturated monomer (B). A printed article including the radiation curable inkjet ink composition in cured form, and a method of forming an image with a thermal inkjet printhead are also provided.