The invention provides novel nanoparticles with tunable and multi-color afterglow emission for extended time after excitation, and compositions thereof as well as methods for their preparation and use in various applications.

The invention provides novel nanoparticles with tunable and multi-color afterglow emission for extended time after excitation, and compositions thereof as well as methods for their preparation and use in various applications.

An example of an anti-coalescing agent for a three-dimensional (3D) printing process includes a vehicle and an anti-coalescing polymer dispersed in the vehicle. The vehicle includes a co-solvent, a surfactant, a humectant, and water. The anti-coalescing polymer has a mean particle size ranging from about 50 nm to about 195 nm, and the anti-coalescing polymer is to coat polymeric build material particles to prevent the polymeric build material particles from coalescing during electromagnetic radiation exposure of the 3D printing process.

An example of an anti-coalescing agent for a three-dimensional (3D) printing process includes a vehicle and an anti-coalescing polymer dispersed in the vehicle. The vehicle includes a co-solvent, a surfactant, a humectant, and water. The anti-coalescing polymer has a mean particle size ranging from about 50 nm to about 195 nm, and the anti-coalescing polymer is to coat polymeric build material particles to prevent the polymeric build material particles from coalescing during electromagnetic radiation exposure of the 3D printing process.

A functional ink suitable for 3D printing and a preparation method thereof are provided. The ink includes the following components in parts by weight: 0.5-1.5 parts of a regulator, 1-5 parts of a conductive material, 0.1-0.5 parts of a crosslinking agent, 0.1-0.5 parts of a catalyst, and 10-80 parts of a solvent. The prepared functional ink has a self-healing function at room temperature, eliminating the interface resistance between printing layers and improving the mechanical strength between the layers. Moreover, the prepared functional ink has excellent electrical conductivity and a variety of electrical, magnetic, and electrochemical properties, and can be applied in the fields of functional materials and devices such as energy storage, electromagnetic shielding and stress sensing.

A functional ink suitable for 3D printing and a preparation method thereof are provided. The ink includes the following components in parts by weight: 0.5-1.5 parts of a regulator, 1-5 parts of a conductive material, 0.1-0.5 parts of a crosslinking agent, 0.1-0.5 parts of a catalyst, and 10-80 parts of a solvent. The prepared functional ink has a self-healing function at room temperature, eliminating the interface resistance between printing layers and improving the mechanical strength between the layers. Moreover, the prepared functional ink has excellent electrical conductivity and a variety of electrical, magnetic, and electrochemical properties, and can be applied in the fields of functional materials and devices such as energy storage, electromagnetic shielding and stress sensing.

A copolymer including fluorinated units of formula (I):

—CX.sub.1X.sub.2—CX.sub.3X.sub.4—  (I) in which each of the X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3 and X.sub.4 is independently chosen from H, F and alkyl groups including from 1 to 3 carbon atoms which are optionally partially or totally fluorinated; and units of formula (III):

—CX.sub.AX.sub.B—CX.sub.CZ—  (III) in which each of the X.sub.A, X.sub.B and X.sub.C is independently chosen from H, F and alkyl groups including from 1 to 3 carbon atoms which are optionally partially or totally fluorinated, and Z being a polarizable group of formula —Y—Ar—R; Y representing an O atom or an S atom or an NH group, Ar representing an aryl group, and R being a monodentate or bidentate group including from 1 to 30 carbon atoms; and the copolymer having a heat of fusion of greater than or equal to 5 J/g. Also a process, a composition, an ink and a film.

A copolymer including fluorinated units of formula (I):

—CX.sub.1X.sub.2—CX.sub.3X.sub.4—  (I) in which each of the X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3 and X.sub.4 is independently chosen from H, F and alkyl groups including from 1 to 3 carbon atoms which are optionally partially or totally fluorinated; and units of formula (III):

—CX.sub.AX.sub.B—CX.sub.CZ—  (III) in which each of the X.sub.A, X.sub.B and X.sub.C is independently chosen from H, F and alkyl groups including from 1 to 3 carbon atoms which are optionally partially or totally fluorinated, and Z being a polarizable group of formula —Y—Ar—R; Y representing an O atom or an S atom or an NH group, Ar representing an aryl group, and R being a monodentate or bidentate group including from 1 to 30 carbon atoms; and the copolymer having a heat of fusion of greater than or equal to 5 J/g. Also a process, a composition, an ink and a film.

A recording method includes: causing a processing solution that contains a coagulant for coagulating constituents of an ink composition to adhere to a recording medium; causing an ink composition that includes a light ink composition and a dark ink composition that belong to a same color system and have mutually different color densities to adhere to the recording medium; and causing a clear ink composition that includes resin to adhere to the recording medium.

A recording method includes: causing a processing solution that contains a coagulant for coagulating constituents of an ink composition to adhere to a recording medium; causing an ink composition that includes a light ink composition and a dark ink composition that belong to a same color system and have mutually different color densities to adhere to the recording medium; and causing a clear ink composition that includes resin to adhere to the recording medium.