An ink includes a plurality of silver nanoparticles, an aminomethylsilane viscosifier, and a hydrocarbon solvent. A method includes providing an ink including a plurality of silver nanoparticles, an aminomethylsilane viscosifier, and a hydrocarbon solvent, the method including printing an image on a substrate with the ink, and annealing the image on the substrate. An ink includes organoamine-stabilized silver nanoparticles, a viscosifier comprising N-(6-aminohexyl)aminomethyltriethoxysilane, and a hydrocarbon solvent.

A solvent-based ink jet ink composition includes a coloring material; and a solvent; in which the composition includes, as the solvent, two or more types of solvent that are compounds represented by the following general formula (1), and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 have the same structure as one another and m are consecutive integers, in the solvent.
R.sup.1O—(R.sup.2O).sub.m—R.sup.3  (1)
(in the formula, R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is an alkylene group with 2 or 3 carbon atoms, and R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom, an acetyl group, or an alkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms. However, both of R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are not hydrogen atoms. m is an integer of 1 to 7).

A solvent-based ink jet ink composition includes a coloring material; and a solvent; in which the composition includes, as the solvent, two or more types of solvent that are compounds represented by the following general formula (1), and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 have the same structure as one another and m are consecutive integers, in the solvent.
R.sup.1O—(R.sup.2O).sub.m—R.sup.3  (1)
(in the formula, R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is an alkylene group with 2 or 3 carbon atoms, and R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom, an acetyl group, or an alkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms. However, both of R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are not hydrogen atoms. m is an integer of 1 to 7).

An object is to provide an aqueous inkjet ink composition offering excellent high-gap discharge stability, antifouling property, adhesion, drying property, abrasion resistance, discharge stability, and preservation stability, even when printed on nonabsorbent media. As a solution, an aqueous inkjet ink composition is provided that contains a pigment, an alkali-soluble resin, a polyolefin resin emulsion, a basic compound, an aqueous medium, and a surfactant, wherein the glass transition temperature of the alkali-soluble resin is 40 to 100° C., the average grain size of the polyolefin resin emulsion is 5 to 300 nm, the solids content of the polyolefin resin emulsion is 0.5 to 5.0 percent by mass in the aqueous inkjet ink composition, and the surfactant contains at least an acetylenediol-based surfactant.

Aqueous inkjet compositions comprising a composite resin vehicle wherein at least one component of the composite resin vehicle is a polyurethane dispersion (PUD) preferably with a glass transition temperature (Tg) of less than 80° C., and the other component is an acrylic resin dispersion preferably with a Tg of greater than 40° C. or a metal oxide nanoparticle dispersion such as colloidal silica with a particle size of less than 100 nm.

Compositions, devices and processes related to etching of a very thin layer or fine particles of a metal are disclosed for monitoring a variety of parameters, such as time, temperature, time-temperature, thawing, freezing, microwave, humidity, ionizing radiation, sterilization and chemicals. These devices have capabilities of producing a long and sharp induction period of an irreversible visual change. The devices are composed of an indicator comprising a very thin layer of a metal and an activator, e.g., a reactant, such as water, water vapor, an acid, a base, oxidizing agent or their precursors, which is capable of reacting with the said indicator. Ink formulations composed of a metal powder and a proper activator can be used for monitoring several sterilization processes, such as sterilization with steam. When water is used as an activator, a thin layer of metals, such as that of aluminum can be used as steam sterilization or humidity indicator.

Compositions, devices and processes related to etching of a very thin layer or fine particles of a metal are disclosed for monitoring a variety of parameters, such as time, temperature, time-temperature, thawing, freezing, microwave, humidity, ionizing radiation, sterilization and chemicals. These devices have capabilities of producing a long and sharp induction period of an irreversible visual change. The devices are composed of an indicator comprising a very thin layer of a metal and an activator, e.g., a reactant, such as water, water vapor, an acid, a base, oxidizing agent or their precursors, which is capable of reacting with the said indicator. Ink formulations composed of a metal powder and a proper activator can be used for monitoring several sterilization processes, such as sterilization with steam. When water is used as an activator, a thin layer of metals, such as that of aluminum can be used as steam sterilization or humidity indicator.

A pigment composition is provided comprising (a) an organic pigment and (b) an adduct containing a compound of formula (I) or a tautomeric form thereof, wherein X is O or S; Y is O, S or NR.sup.1; the group -A-B— is selected from the group consisting of —CR.sup.2═CR.sup.3—, —CR.sup.4R.sup.5—CR.sup.6R.sup.7— —CY—CR.sup.8R.sup.9—, —CX—NR.sup.10—, —CR.sup.11═N—, —CR.sup.12R.sup.13—NR.sup.14— and R.sup.1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.8alkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.7cycloalkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.10aryl or C.sub.7-C.sub.10aralkyl; R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9, R.sup.10, R.sup.11, R.sup.12, R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are independently of each other hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.8alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8alkenyl or C.sub.6-C.sub.10aryl, or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 form a benzoannellated ring; and/or a melamine- or pyrimidine-based compound, which is optionally substituted. The pigment composition may be used as colorant in various applications, especially in coloring high molecular weight organic material, for example, coating compositions, paints, printing inks, liquid inks, plastics, films or fibers.

##STR00001##

A pigment composition is provided comprising (a) an organic pigment and (b) an adduct containing a compound of formula (I) or a tautomeric form thereof, wherein X is O or S; Y is O, S or NR.sup.1; the group -A-B— is selected from the group consisting of —CR.sup.2═CR.sup.3—, —CR.sup.4R.sup.5—CR.sup.6R.sup.7— —CY—CR.sup.8R.sup.9—, —CX—NR.sup.10—, —CR.sup.11═N—, —CR.sup.12R.sup.13—NR.sup.14— and R.sup.1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.8alkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.7cycloalkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.10aryl or C.sub.7-C.sub.10aralkyl; R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9, R.sup.10, R.sup.11, R.sup.12, R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are independently of each other hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.8alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8alkenyl or C.sub.6-C.sub.10aryl, or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 form a benzoannellated ring; and/or a melamine- or pyrimidine-based compound, which is optionally substituted. The pigment composition may be used as colorant in various applications, especially in coloring high molecular weight organic material, for example, coating compositions, paints, printing inks, liquid inks, plastics, films or fibers.

##STR00001##

Copper inks are provided that include a plurality of core-shell nanostructures, with each nanostructure including a copper core and a barrier metal shell, a diameter of less than about 500 nm, and a distinct boundary between the copper core and the barrier metal shell. Methods of forming a copper ink are further provided and include an initial step of synthesizing an amount of copper nanoparticles in an aqueous solution. An amount of a barrier metal is then added to the copper nanoparticles to form a dispersion of the barrier metal and the copper nanoparticles, and a reducing agent is subsequently added to the dispersion to produce a copper ink comprising core-shell nanostructures having a copper core and a barrier metal shell. Copper films are then formed by applying that copper ink to a substrate and sintering the copper ink.