A method for forming parts with electrically conductive features includes applying a layer of thermoplastic polymer powder particles in a powder bed and selectively applying an aqueous pretreat composition including a metal chloride salt on a portion of the layer. A conductive fusing ink including transition metal particles and a dispersing agent is selectively applied onto the applied aqueous pretreat composition on the portion of the layer, wherein the dispersing agent binds to, and passivates surfaces of the transition metal particles. The layer is exposed to electromagnetic radiation to fuse the thermoplastic polymer powder particles in the portion of the layer and sinter the transition metal particles, thereby forming a conductive feature.

A method for forming parts with electrically conductive features includes applying a layer of thermoplastic polymer powder particles in a powder bed and selectively applying an aqueous pretreat composition including a metal chloride salt on a portion of the layer. A conductive fusing ink including transition metal particles and a dispersing agent is selectively applied onto the applied aqueous pretreat composition on the portion of the layer, wherein the dispersing agent binds to, and passivates surfaces of the transition metal particles. The layer is exposed to electromagnetic radiation to fuse the thermoplastic polymer powder particles in the portion of the layer and sinter the transition metal particles, thereby forming a conductive feature.

An ink set contains an ink containing a coloring material, an organic solvent, and a resin, and a pre-processing fluid containing a multivalent metal salt, a resin having a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 0 degrees C. or lower, a silicone-based surfactant, and two or more types of organic solvents each having a boiling point of 220 degrees C. or lower.

An ink set contains an ink containing a coloring material, an organic solvent, and a resin, and a pre-processing fluid containing a multivalent metal salt, a resin having a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 0 degrees C. or lower, a silicone-based surfactant, and two or more types of organic solvents each having a boiling point of 220 degrees C. or lower.

A water-based ink includes a pigment, an amino acid having an alkylene group with three or more carbon atoms and having amino groups on a side chain thereof, a surfactant and/or a penetrating agent, and water. The surfactant includes an acetylene based surfactant. The penetrating agent includes an alkylene diol, a glycol ether compound, or both. An amount of the amino acid in the water-based ink relative to a total mass of the water-based ink is from 0.05 to 1 mass %. The amino acid is preferably arginine, lysine, or both. The water-based ink preferably further includes two or more wetting agents.

A water-based ink includes a pigment, an amino acid having an alkylene group with three or more carbon atoms and having amino groups on a side chain thereof, a surfactant and/or a penetrating agent, and water. The surfactant includes an acetylene based surfactant. The penetrating agent includes an alkylene diol, a glycol ether compound, or both. An amount of the amino acid in the water-based ink relative to a total mass of the water-based ink is from 0.05 to 1 mass %. The amino acid is preferably arginine, lysine, or both. The water-based ink preferably further includes two or more wetting agents.

An ink discharging device contains an ink containing an organic solvent with an SP value of from 9.0 to 12.0, a white pigment, a polyurethane resin with a glass transition temperature Tg of 0 degrees C. or lower, and water, and an ink discharging unit including a nozzle plate including a liquid repellent layer containing a silicone resin, the ink discharging unit for discharging the ink, wherein the proportion of the organic solvent to the entire of the ink is from 0.5 to 2.5 percent by mass and the proportion of the white pigment to the entire of the ink is from 6 to 15 percent by mass.

An ink discharging device contains an ink containing an organic solvent with an SP value of from 9.0 to 12.0, a white pigment, a polyurethane resin with a glass transition temperature Tg of 0 degrees C. or lower, and water, and an ink discharging unit including a nozzle plate including a liquid repellent layer containing a silicone resin, the ink discharging unit for discharging the ink, wherein the proportion of the organic solvent to the entire of the ink is from 0.5 to 2.5 percent by mass and the proportion of the white pigment to the entire of the ink is from 6 to 15 percent by mass.

An aqueous inkjet ink for textile printing is disclosed which contains water, a water-soluble organic solvent, an amino alcohol, a water-dispersible resin, and a pigment, and in which an amount of a solid fraction of the ink relative to a total mass of the ink is at least 20% by mass; and the water-soluble organic solvent contains a water-soluble organic solvent (A) which has a boiling point of at least 250° C. and is one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene glycols, polyalkylene glycol derivatives, and trihydric alcohols. A method for producing a printed textile item is also disclosed.

An aqueous inkjet ink for textile printing is disclosed which contains water, a water-soluble organic solvent, an amino alcohol, a water-dispersible resin, and a pigment, and in which an amount of a solid fraction of the ink relative to a total mass of the ink is at least 20% by mass; and the water-soluble organic solvent contains a water-soluble organic solvent (A) which has a boiling point of at least 250° C. and is one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene glycols, polyalkylene glycol derivatives, and trihydric alcohols. A method for producing a printed textile item is also disclosed.