A system for applying a coating composition to a substrate utilizing a high transfer efficiency applicator is provided herein. The system includes a storage device for storing instructions for performing a matching protocol, and one or more data processors configured to execute the instructions to, receive, by one or more data processors, target image data of a target coating, the target image data generated by an electronic imaging device, and apply the target image data to a matching protocol to generate application instructions. The system further includes a high transfer efficiency applicator defining a nozzle orifice. The high transfer efficiency applicator is configured to expel the coating composition through the nozzle orifice to the substrate to form a coating layer. The high transfer efficiency applicator is configured expel the coating composition based on the application instructions.

A system for applying a coating composition to a substrate utilizing a high transfer efficiency applicator is provided herein. The system includes a storage device for storing instructions for performing a matching protocol, and one or more data processors configured to execute the instructions to, receive, by one or more data processors, target image data of a target coating, the target image data generated by an electronic imaging device, and apply the target image data to a matching protocol to generate application instructions. The system further includes a high transfer efficiency applicator defining a nozzle orifice. The high transfer efficiency applicator is configured to expel the coating composition through the nozzle orifice to the substrate to form a coating layer. The high transfer efficiency applicator is configured expel the coating composition based on the application instructions.

Disclosed herein are ink compositions for making a conductive palladium structure. For example, the ink composition can comprise a palladium salt and a complex of a complexing agent and a short chain carboxylic acid or salt thereof. In some embodiments, a second or third metal salt is included in the compositions. Also disclosed herein are methods for making and using such conductive ink compositions.

Disclosed herein are ink compositions for making a conductive palladium structure. For example, the ink composition can comprise a palladium salt and a complex of a complexing agent and a short chain carboxylic acid or salt thereof. In some embodiments, a second or third metal salt is included in the compositions. Also disclosed herein are methods for making and using such conductive ink compositions.

An ink is provided. The ink comprises a colorant, water, an organic solvent comprising a glycol ether having a solubility parameter of from 9.0 to 12.0 (cal/cm.sup.3).sup.1/2, and a surfactant comprising a silicone-based surfactant (a) and a nonionic surfactant (b).

An ink is provided. The ink comprises a colorant, water, an organic solvent comprising a glycol ether having a solubility parameter of from 9.0 to 12.0 (cal/cm.sup.3).sup.1/2, and a surfactant comprising a silicone-based surfactant (a) and a nonionic surfactant (b).

Provided is an ink jet recording method by which even when a multicolor image is recorded with an ink jet recording apparatus including an ink storage portion having an ink inlet port arranged in its upper portion by applying a plurality of aqueous inks each comprising a pigment to a recording medium, an image excellent in abrasion resistance can be stably recorded over along time period. The method is an ink jet recording method for recording an image on a recording medium with an ink jet recording apparatus including: a plurality of aqueous inks each comprising a pigment; an ink storage portion; a recording head; and an ink supply path. The aqueous inks include a first ink to be applied earlier to the recording medium and a second ink to be applied later to the recording medium, and the first ink has a redispersibility index of 0.90 or more.

Provided is an ink jet recording method by which even when a multicolor image is recorded with an ink jet recording apparatus including an ink storage portion having an ink inlet port arranged in its upper portion by applying a plurality of aqueous inks each comprising a pigment to a recording medium, an image excellent in abrasion resistance can be stably recorded over along time period. The method is an ink jet recording method for recording an image on a recording medium with an ink jet recording apparatus including: a plurality of aqueous inks each comprising a pigment; an ink storage portion; a recording head; and an ink supply path. The aqueous inks include a first ink to be applied earlier to the recording medium and a second ink to be applied later to the recording medium, and the first ink has a redispersibility index of 0.90 or more.

A grayscale inkjet printing method including the steps of: a) supplying a pigmented inkjet ink to a grayscale print head having nozzles with an outer nozzle surface area smaller than 500 μm.sup.2 and having an acoustic resonance period ARP of not more than 5.5 μs; and b) applying a voltage wave form for ejecting pigmented inkjet ink from a nozzle of the grayscale print head within one jetting cycle; wherein the pigmented inkjet ink has a viscosity of at least 3.8 mPa.Math.s at jetting temperature and a shear rate of 1,000 s.sup.−1; wherein the voltage wave form for ejecting the largest ink droplet includes, in chronological order, a first ejecting pulse having an amplitude A1 and a second ejecting pulse having an amplitude A3 with the amplitude A1 complying with the relationship: 0.50×A3<A1<1.40×A3; and wherein a time period between the end time of the first ejecting pulse and the end time of the second ejecting pulse defines an idle time period including no other ejecting pulse, the time period having a duration between 1.5 to 2.5 times the acoustic resonance period ARP; and wherein any non-ejecting pulse having an amplitude A2 present during the idle time period complies with the relationship: A2≤0.15×A3. An inkjet printing system is also disclosed.

A UV curable pigmented inkjet ink set comprising: one or more achromatic colour inkjet inks including a black inkjet ink containing a carbon black pigment; and five chromatic colour inkjet inks including: a first inkjet ink WR having a hue angle H* between 10° and 40° and a chroma C* between 30 and 80; a second inkjet ink WY having a hue angle H* between 65° and 85° and a chroma C* between 30 and 80; a third inkjet ink Y having a hue angle H* between 85° and 105° and a chroma C* larger than 80; a fourth inkjet ink C having a hue angle H* between 180° and 240° and a chroma C* between 30 and 80; and a fifth inkjet ink M having a hue angle H* between 300° and 360° and a chroma C* between 30 and 80; wherein the hue angle H* and the chroma C* were calculated from CIE L* a* b* coordinates determined on a polyethylene coated white paper for a 2° observer under a D50 light source; wherein the chromatic colour inkjet inks having a hue angle H* between 180° and 360° have a ratio T/P of thioxanthone compound to pigment complying with the relationship: 0.0≤T/P≤0.2, wherein T represents the wt % of thioxanthone compound and P represents the wt % of pigment, both wt % based on the total weight of the inkjet ink.