An aerogel includes a three-dimensional printed structure having printed ligaments geometrically arranged, where an average diameter of the printed ligaments is in a range of greater than 0 microns and less than 50 microns. In addition, an average distance between a center of a first of the printed ligaments and a center of a second of the printed ligaments is at least equal to the average diameter of the printed ligaments, where the first and the second of the printed ligaments are adjacent. Each printed ligament includes of a plurality of random pores, where an average diameter of the random pores is less than 50 nanometers.

An aerogel includes a three-dimensional printed structure having printed ligaments geometrically arranged, where an average diameter of the printed ligaments is in a range of greater than 0 microns and less than 50 microns. In addition, an average distance between a center of a first of the printed ligaments and a center of a second of the printed ligaments is at least equal to the average diameter of the printed ligaments, where the first and the second of the printed ligaments are adjacent. Each printed ligament includes of a plurality of random pores, where an average diameter of the random pores is less than 50 nanometers.

Provided is an ink set including black ink and color ink, in which the black ink contains carbon black having a carboxyl group on a surface thereof, a resin particle having a carboxyl group on a surface thereof, betaine, an alkali ion, and water, the alkali ion contains a potassium ion, a sodium ion, and an organic alkali compound, and a content of the potassium ion is the largest among the alkali ions.

Provided is an ink set including black ink and color ink, in which the black ink contains carbon black having a carboxyl group on a surface thereof, a resin particle having a carboxyl group on a surface thereof, betaine, an alkali ion, and water, the alkali ion contains a potassium ion, a sodium ion, and an organic alkali compound, and a content of the potassium ion is the largest among the alkali ions.

An ink jet recording method capable of recording a high-quality image in which occurrence of fine unevenness is decreased. The ink jet recording method includes recording an image by ejecting ink from a recording head including an ejection orifice for ejecting the ink, an ejection element generating energy for ejecting the ink, and first and second flow paths that communicate between the ejection orifice and the ejection element and in which the ink flows. The ink jet recording method includes an ejection step of ejecting the ink from the ejection orifice, and a flow step of flowing the ink from the first flow path to the second flow path separately from the ejection step. The ink is an aqueous ink having a dynamic surface tension of 35 mN/m or more to 48 mN/m or less at 10 milliseconds.

The present disclosure is drawn to an ink composition. The ink composition can include carbon black pigment, polyurethane, at least 50 wt % water, and from 1 wt % to 6 wt % of diol solvent, triol solvent, or a mixture thereof. When the solvent is a diol solvent the ink composition can be devoid of 2-pyrrolidone.

The present disclosure is drawn to an ink composition. The ink composition can include carbon black pigment, polyurethane, at least 50 wt % water, and from 1 wt % to 6 wt % of diol solvent, triol solvent, or a mixture thereof. When the solvent is a diol solvent the ink composition can be devoid of 2-pyrrolidone.

The present disclosure relates to an ink composition containing a colorant; a hydroxylated co-solvent; a non-hydroxylated co-solvent, a polyurethane binder and water. The weight percent ratio of the hydroxylated co-solvent to the non-hydroxylated co-solvent in the ink composition ranges from 55:45 to 65:35; and the total amount of hydroxylated co-solvent and non-hydroxylated co-solvent in the ink composition is at least 18 wt %. The amount of polyurethane binder in the ink composition is 0.1 to less than 1 wt %.

The present disclosure relates to an ink composition containing a colorant; a hydroxylated co-solvent; a non-hydroxylated co-solvent, a polyurethane binder and water. The weight percent ratio of the hydroxylated co-solvent to the non-hydroxylated co-solvent in the ink composition ranges from 55:45 to 65:35; and the total amount of hydroxylated co-solvent and non-hydroxylated co-solvent in the ink composition is at least 18 wt %. The amount of polyurethane binder in the ink composition is 0.1 to less than 1 wt %.

Aqueous ink compositions and methods for fabricating a resistive material for a printed circuit are provided. The aqueous ink composition may include an aqueous solvent, one or more carbon nanoparticles, and one or more cellulose nanocrystals. The one or more carbon nanoparticles may include carbon nanotubes, such as multi-walled nanotubes, and the one or more cellulose nanocrystals may include cellulose nanocrystals functionalized with carboxylate groups.