Described herein are printing inks that are safe for direct contact with food. The inks contain colorants and other substances which comply with regulations governing the amounts of substances determined to be safe in the event one or more of the ink-containing substances were to migrate into foods or beverages, The inks exhibit resistance to removal. Also described are sets of inks. The inks provide wide color gamut.

The invention provides electrically conductive films containing graphene nanoplatelets packed in a substantially Apollonian manner. The films may also comprise carbon nanotubes in order to improve their conductivity. The invention also provides liquid compositions that can be used to print the electrically conductive films described herein.

An aerogel includes a three-dimensional printed structure having printed ligaments geometrically arranged, where an average diameter of the printed ligaments is in a range of greater than 0 microns and less than 50 microns. In addition, an average distance between a center of a first of the printed ligaments and a center of a second of the printed ligaments is at least equal to the average diameter of the printed ligaments, where the first and the second of the printed ligaments are adjacent. Each printed ligament includes of a plurality of random pores, where an average diameter of the random pores is less than 50 nanometers.

An aerogel includes a three-dimensional printed structure having printed ligaments geometrically arranged, where an average diameter of the printed ligaments is in a range of greater than 0 microns and less than 50 microns. In addition, an average distance between a center of a first of the printed ligaments and a center of a second of the printed ligaments is at least equal to the average diameter of the printed ligaments, where the first and the second of the printed ligaments are adjacent. Each printed ligament includes of a plurality of random pores, where an average diameter of the random pores is less than 50 nanometers.

The present disclosure relates to an ink composition containing a colorant; a hydroxylated co-solvent; a non-hydroxylated co-solvent, a polyurethane binder and water. The weight percent ratio of the hydroxylated co-solvent to the non-hydroxylated co-solvent in the ink composition ranges from 55:45 to 65:35; and the total amount of hydroxylated co-solvent and non-hydroxylated co-solvent in the ink composition is at least 18 wt %. The amount of polyurethane binder in the ink composition is 0.1 to less than 1 wt %.

The present disclosure relates to an ink composition containing a colorant; a hydroxylated co-solvent; a non-hydroxylated co-solvent, a polyurethane binder and water. The weight percent ratio of the hydroxylated co-solvent to the non-hydroxylated co-solvent in the ink composition ranges from 55:45 to 65:35; and the total amount of hydroxylated co-solvent and non-hydroxylated co-solvent in the ink composition is at least 18 wt %. The amount of polyurethane binder in the ink composition is 0.1 to less than 1 wt %.

An image forming method includes applying an ink A containing carbon black, a first organic solvent, and water and an ink B containing a pigment including no carbon black, a second organic solvent, and water to a recording medium to form an image thereon and applying infrared rays to the image to dry the image. The average vapor pressure ratio {P(B)/P(A)} of the average vapor pressure P(B) of water and the second organic solvent contained in the ink B at 100 degrees C. to the average vapor pressure P(A) of water and the first organic solvent contained in the ink A at 100 degrees C. is from 1.00 to 2.00. The content ratio {W(A)/W(B)} of the content W(A) of the carbon black applied to the recording medium per unit area to the content W(B) of the pigment applied to the recording medium per unit area is from 1.00 to 100.0.

An image forming method includes applying an ink A containing carbon black, a first organic solvent, and water and an ink B containing a pigment including no carbon black, a second organic solvent, and water to a recording medium to form an image thereon and applying infrared rays to the image to dry the image. The average vapor pressure ratio {P(B)/P(A)} of the average vapor pressure P(B) of water and the second organic solvent contained in the ink B at 100 degrees C. to the average vapor pressure P(A) of water and the first organic solvent contained in the ink A at 100 degrees C. is from 1.00 to 2.00. The content ratio {W(A)/W(B)} of the content W(A) of the carbon black applied to the recording medium per unit area to the content W(B) of the pigment applied to the recording medium per unit area is from 1.00 to 100.0.

Provided is an ink jet recording apparatus including: a base metal pigment ink composition; and a first nozzle that ejects the base metal pigment ink composition, in which the base metal pigment ink composition contains a flat base metal pigment of which a 50% average particle diameter D50 is in a range of 100 nm to 1 m, and an organic compound of which a surface tension at 20 C. is 35 mN/m or greater, and an ejection interval T1 after the base metal pigment ink composition is ejected from the first nozzle and before the base metal pigment ink composition is ejected again from the first nozzle is within 100 s.

Provided is an ink jet recording apparatus including: a base metal pigment ink composition; and a first nozzle that ejects the base metal pigment ink composition, in which the base metal pigment ink composition contains a flat base metal pigment of which a 50% average particle diameter D50 is in a range of 100 nm to 1 m, and an organic compound of which a surface tension at 20 C. is 35 mN/m or greater, and an ejection interval T1 after the base metal pigment ink composition is ejected from the first nozzle and before the base metal pigment ink composition is ejected again from the first nozzle is within 100 s.